UnsafeNativeMethods.cs source code in C# .NET

Source code for the .NET framework in C#

                        

Code:

/ 4.0 / 4.0 / untmp / DEVDIV_TFS / Dev10 / Releases / RTMRel / ndp / fx / src / Net / System / Net / UnsafeNativeMethods.cs / 1305376 / UnsafeNativeMethods.cs

                            //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
// 
//     Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

namespace System.Net { 
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    using System.Security.Permissions; 
    using System.Text;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Net.Cache;
    using System.Threading; 
    using System.ComponentModel;
    using System.Collections; 
    using System.Globalization; 
    using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;
    using System.Security; 
    using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
    using System.Runtime.Versioning;
    using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 
    [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
    internal static class UnsafeNclNativeMethods { 
 
#if FEATURE_PAL
 #if !PLATFORM_UNIX 
        internal const String DLLPREFIX = "";
        internal const String DLLSUFFIX = ".dll";
 #else // !PLATFORM_UNIX
  #if __APPLE__ 
        internal const String DLLPREFIX = "lib";
        internal const String DLLSUFFIX = ".dylib"; 
  #elif _AIX 
        internal const String DLLPREFIX = "lib";
        internal const String DLLSUFFIX = ".a"; 
  #elif __hppa__ || IA64
        internal const String DLLPREFIX = "lib";
        internal const String DLLSUFFIX = ".sl";
  #else 
        internal const String DLLPREFIX = "lib";
        internal const String DLLSUFFIX = ".so"; 
  #endif 
 #endif // !PLATFORM_UNIX
 
        internal const String ROTOR_PAL   = DLLPREFIX + "rotor_pal" + DLLSUFFIX;
        internal const String ROTOR_PALRT = DLLPREFIX + "rotor_palrt" + DLLSUFFIX;
        private const String KERNEL32 = ROTOR_PAL;
#else 
        private const string KERNEL32 = "kernel32.dll";
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 
 
#if !FEATURE_PAL
        private const string WS2_32 = "ws2_32.dll"; 
#else
        private const string WS2_32 = ExternDll.Kernel32; // Resolves to rotor_pal
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL
 
        private const string SECUR32 = "secur32.dll";
        private const string CRYPT32 = "crypt32.dll"; 
        private const string ADVAPI32 = "advapi32.dll"; 
        private const string HTTPAPI = "httpapi.dll";
        private const string SCHANNEL = "schannel.dll"; 
        private const string SECURITY = "security.dll";
        private const string RASAPI32 = "rasapi32.dll";
        private const string WININET = "wininet.dll";
        private const string WINHTTP = "winhttp.dll"; 
        private const string BCRYPT = "bcrypt.dll";
 
        /* 
        // Consider removing.
        [DllImport(KERNEL32)] 
        internal static extern IntPtr CreateSemaphore([In] IntPtr lpSemaphoreAttributes, [In] int lInitialCount, [In] int lMaximumCount, [In] string lpName);
        */

        /* Consider removing. 
        [DllImport(KERNEL32)]
        internal static extern IntPtr CreateEvent([In] IntPtr lpEventAttributes, [In] bool manualResetEvent, [In] bool initalState, [In] IntPtr lpName); 
        */ 

        [DllImport(KERNEL32)] 
        internal static extern IntPtr CreateSemaphore([In] IntPtr lpSemaphoreAttributes, [In] int lInitialCount, [In] int lMaximumCount, [In] IntPtr lpName);

#if DEBUG
        [DllImport(KERNEL32)] 
        internal static extern bool ReleaseSemaphore([In] IntPtr hSemaphore, [In] int lReleaseCount, [Out] out int lpPreviousCount);
 
#else 
        [DllImport(KERNEL32)]
        internal static extern bool ReleaseSemaphore([In] IntPtr hSemaphore, [In] int lReleaseCount, [In] IntPtr lpPreviousCount); 
#endif

        //
        internal static class ErrorCodes 
        {
            internal const uint ERROR_SUCCESS               = 0; 
            internal const uint ERROR_HANDLE_EOF            = 38; 
            internal const uint ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED         = 50;
            internal const uint ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER     = 87; 
            internal const uint ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS        = 183;
            internal const uint ERROR_MORE_DATA             = 234;
            internal const uint ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED     = 995;
            internal const uint ERROR_IO_PENDING            = 997; 
            internal const uint ERROR_NOT_FOUND             = 1168;
        } 
 
        internal static class NTStatus
        { 
            internal const uint STATUS_SUCCESS               = 0x00000000;
            internal const uint STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND = 0xC0000034;
        }
 
        [DllImport(KERNEL32, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
        internal static extern uint GetCurrentThreadId(); 
 

 
#if STRESS || !DEBUG
        [DllImport(KERNEL32, ExactSpelling = true)]
        internal static extern void DebugBreak();
#endif 

#if FEATURE_PAL 
        [DllImport(ROTOR_PALRT, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true, EntryPoint="PAL_FetchConfigurationStringW")] 
        internal static extern bool FetchConfigurationString(bool perMachine, String parameterName, StringBuilder parameterValue, int parameterValueLength);
#endif // FEATURE_PAL 

#if !FEATURE_PAL
        [SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
        internal unsafe static class RegistryHelper 
        {
            internal const uint REG_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_SET = 4; 
            internal const uint REG_BINARY = 3; 
            internal const uint KEY_READ = 0x00020019;
 
            internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_CURRENT_USER = (IntPtr) unchecked((int) 0x80000001L);
            internal static readonly IntPtr HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = (IntPtr) unchecked((int) 0x80000002L);

            // RELIABILITY: 
            // this out parameter in this API, resultSubKey, is an allocated handle to a registry sub-key.
            // it must be a SafeHandle so we can guarantee that it is released correctly and never leaked. 
            [DllImport(ADVAPI32, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, ExactSpelling=false, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern uint RegOpenKeyEx(IntPtr key, string subKey, uint ulOptions, uint samDesired, out SafeRegistryHandle resultSubKey);
 
            [DllImport(ADVAPI32, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, ExactSpelling=false, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint RegOpenKeyEx(SafeRegistryHandle key, string subKey, uint ulOptions, uint samDesired, out SafeRegistryHandle resultSubKey);

            [DllImport(ADVAPI32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern uint RegCloseKey(IntPtr key); 
 
            [DllImport(ADVAPI32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(SafeRegistryHandle key, bool watchSubTree, uint notifyFilter, SafeWaitHandle regEvent, bool async); 

            [DllImport(ADVAPI32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint RegOpenCurrentUser(uint samDesired, out SafeRegistryHandle resultKey);
 
            [DllImport(ADVAPI32, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, ExactSpelling=false, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint RegQueryValueEx(SafeRegistryHandle key, string valueName, IntPtr reserved, out uint type, [Out] byte[] data, [In][Out] ref uint size); 
        } 

        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()] 
        internal unsafe class RasHelper
        {
            private static bool s_RasSupported;
 
            private ManualResetEvent m_RasEvent;
            private bool m_Suppressed; 
 
            /* Consider removing
            internal void Close() 
            {
                ManualResetEvent rasEvent = m_RasEvent;
                m_RasEvent = null;
                m_Suppressed = false; 
                if (rasEvent != null)
                { 
                    rasEvent.Close(); 
                }
            } 
            */

            static RasHelper()
            { 
                InitRasSupported();
            } 
 
            internal RasHelper()
            { 
                if (!s_RasSupported)
                {
                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.net_log_proxy_ras_notsupported_exception));
                } 

                m_RasEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false); 
 
                // Use -1 as a handle, to receive all RAS notifications for the local machine.
                uint statusCode = RasConnectionNotification((IntPtr)(-1), m_RasEvent.SafeWaitHandle, RASCN_Connection | RASCN_Disconnection); 

                GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::RasHelper() RasConnectionNotification() statusCode:" + statusCode);
                if (statusCode != 0)
                { 
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::RasHelper() RasConnectionNotification() Marshal.GetLastWin32Error():" + Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
                    m_Suppressed = true; 
                    m_RasEvent.Close(); 
                    m_RasEvent = null;
                } 
            }

            internal static bool RasSupported
            { 
                get { return s_RasSupported; }
            } 
 
            internal bool HasChanged
            { 
                get
                {
                    if (m_Suppressed)
                    { 
                        return false;
                    } 
 
                    ManualResetEvent rasEvent = m_RasEvent;
                    if (rasEvent == null) 
                    {
                        throw new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().FullName);
                    }
                    return rasEvent.WaitOne(0, false); 
                }
            } 
 
            internal void Reset()
            { 
                if (!m_Suppressed)
                {
                    ManualResetEvent rasEvent = m_RasEvent;
                    if (rasEvent == null) 
                    {
                        throw new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().FullName); 
                    } 
                    rasEvent.Reset();
                } 
            }

            internal static string GetCurrentConnectoid()
            { 
                uint dwSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(RASCONN));
                GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() using struct size dwSize:" + dwSize); 
 
                if (!s_RasSupported)
                { 
                    // if RAS is not supported, behave as if no dial-up/VPN connection is in use
                    // (which is actually the case, since without RAS dial-up/VPN doesn't work)
                    return null;
                } 

                uint count = 4; 
                uint statusCode = 0; 
                RASCONN[] connections = null;
                while (true) 
                {
                    uint cb = checked(dwSize * count);
                    connections = new RASCONN[count];
                    connections[0].dwSize = dwSize; 
                    statusCode = RasEnumConnections(connections, ref cb, ref count);
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() called RasEnumConnections() count:" + count + " statusCode: " + statusCode + " cb:" + cb); 
                    if (statusCode != ERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) 
                    {
                        break; 
                    }
                    count = checked(cb + dwSize - 1) / dwSize;
                }
 
                if (count == 0 || statusCode != 0)
                { 
                    return null; 
                }
 
                for (uint i=0; i < count; i++)
                {
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "]");
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].dwSize: " + connections[i].dwSize); 
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].hrasconn: " + connections[i].hrasconn);
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].szEntryName: " + connections[i].szEntryName); 
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].szDeviceType: " + connections[i].szDeviceType); 
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].szDeviceName: " + connections[i].szDeviceName);
 
                    RASCONNSTATUS connectionStatus = new RASCONNSTATUS();
                    connectionStatus.dwSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(connectionStatus);
                    // RELIABILITY:
                    // the 'hrasconn' field is an IntPtr because it's defined as a handle 
                    // that said, its use is that of a opaque ID, so we're not
                    // allocating anything that needs to be released for reliability. 
                    statusCode = RasGetConnectStatus(connections[i].hrasconn, ref connectionStatus); 
                    GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() called RasGetConnectStatus() statusCode: " + statusCode + " dwSize: " + connectionStatus.dwSize);
                    if (statusCode==0) { 
                        GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].RASCONNSTATUS.dwSize: " + connectionStatus.dwSize);
                        GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].RASCONNSTATUS.rasconnstate: " + connectionStatus.rasconnstate);
                        GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].RASCONNSTATUS.dwError: " + connectionStatus.dwError);
                        GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].RASCONNSTATUS.szDeviceType: " + connectionStatus.szDeviceType); 
                        GlobalLog.Print("RasHelper::GetCurrentConnectoid() RASCONN[" + i + "].RASCONNSTATUS.szDeviceName: " + connectionStatus.szDeviceName);
                        if (connectionStatus.rasconnstate==RASCONNSTATE.RASCS_Connected) { 
                            return connections[i].szEntryName; 
                        }
                    } 
                }

                return null;
            } 

 
            private static void InitRasSupported() 
            {
                if (ComNetOS.InstallationType == WindowsInstallationType.ServerCore) { 
                    // if InstallationType == WindowsSku.Unknown we'll support RAS, since older OS (like XP)
                    // don't have an "Installation Type" Registry value
                    s_RasSupported = false;
                } 
                else {
                    s_RasSupported = true; 
                } 

                if (Logging.On) Logging.PrintInfo(Logging.Web, SR.GetString(SR.net_log_proxy_ras_supported, s_RasSupported)); 
            }

            [DllImport(RASAPI32, ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping = false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar = true, SetLastError = false)]
            private static extern uint RasEnumConnections([In, Out] RASCONN[] lprasconn, ref uint lpcb, ref uint lpcConnections); 

            [DllImport(RASAPI32, ExactSpelling=false, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=false)] 
            private static extern uint RasGetConnectStatus([In] IntPtr hrasconn, [In, Out] ref RASCONNSTATUS lprasconnstatus); 

            [DllImport(RASAPI32, ExactSpelling=false, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=false)] 
            private static extern uint RasConnectionNotification([In] IntPtr hrasconn, [In] SafeWaitHandle hEvent, uint dwFlags);

            const int RAS_MaxEntryName = 256;
            const int RAS_MaxDeviceType = 16; 
            const int RAS_MaxDeviceName = 128;
            const int RAS_MaxPhoneNumber = 128; 
            const int RAS_MaxCallbackNumber = 128; 

            const uint RASCN_Connection = 0x00000001; 
            const uint RASCN_Disconnection = 0x00000002;

            const int UNLEN = 256;
            const int PWLEN = 256; 
            const int DNLEN = 15;
 
            const int MAX_PATH = 260; 

            const uint RASBASE = 600; 
            const uint ERROR_DIAL_ALREADY_IN_PROGRESS = (RASBASE+156);
            const uint ERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL = (RASBASE+3);

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack=4, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] 
            struct RASCONN {
                internal uint dwSize; 
                internal IntPtr hrasconn; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxEntryName + 1)]
                internal string szEntryName; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxDeviceType + 1)]
                internal string szDeviceType;
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxDeviceName + 1)]
                internal string szDeviceName; 

/* None of these are supported on Windows 98. 
   MSDN lies twice: there is no dwSessionId at all, and szPhonebook and dwSubEntry are not on Win98. 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=MAX_PATH)]
                internal string szPhonebook; 
                internal uint dwSubEntry;
                internal Guid guidEntry;
                internal uint dwFlags;
                internal ulong luid; 
*/
            } 
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
            struct RASCONNSTATUS { 
                internal uint dwSize;
                internal RASCONNSTATE rasconnstate;
                internal uint dwError;
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxDeviceType + 1)] 
                internal string szDeviceType;
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxDeviceName + 1)] 
                internal string szDeviceName; 
/* Not supported on Windows 98.
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxPhoneNumber + 1)] 
                internal string szPhoneNumber;
*/
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)]
            struct RASDIALPARAMS { 
                internal uint dwSize; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxEntryName + 1)]
                internal string szEntryName; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxPhoneNumber + 1)]
                internal string szPhoneNumber;
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=RAS_MaxCallbackNumber + 1)]
                internal string szCallbackNumber; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=UNLEN + 1)]
                internal string szUserName; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=PWLEN + 1)] 
                internal string szPassword;
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=DNLEN + 1)] 
                internal string szDomain;
/* Not supported on Windows 98.
                internal uint dwSubEntry;
                internal uint dwCallbackId; 
*/
            } 
 
            const int RASCS_PAUSED = 0x1000;
            const int RASCS_DONE = 0x2000; 

            enum RASCONNSTATE {
                RASCS_OpenPort = 0,
                RASCS_PortOpened, 
                RASCS_ConnectDevice,
                RASCS_DeviceConnected, 
                RASCS_AllDevicesConnected, 
                RASCS_Authenticate,
                RASCS_AuthNotify, 
                RASCS_AuthRetry,
                RASCS_AuthCallback,
                RASCS_AuthChangePassword,
                RASCS_AuthProject, 
                RASCS_AuthLinkSpeed,
                RASCS_AuthAck, 
                RASCS_ReAuthenticate, 
                RASCS_Authenticated,
                RASCS_PrepareForCallback, 
                RASCS_WaitForModemReset,
                RASCS_WaitForCallback,
                RASCS_Projected,
                RASCS_StartAuthentication,    // Windows 95 only 
                RASCS_CallbackComplete,       // Windows 95 only
                RASCS_LogonNetwork,           // Windows 95 only 
                RASCS_SubEntryConnected, 
                RASCS_SubEntryDisconnected,
                RASCS_Interactive = RASCS_PAUSED, 
                RASCS_RetryAuthentication,
                RASCS_CallbackSetByCaller,
                RASCS_PasswordExpired,
                RASCS_InvokeEapUI, 
                RASCS_Connected = RASCS_DONE,
                RASCS_Disconnected 
            } 
        }
 

        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static class SafeNetHandles_SECUR32 {
 
            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern int FreeContextBuffer( 
                [In] IntPtr contextBuffer);
 
            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern int FreeCredentialsHandle(
                  ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr 
                  );
 
            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern int DeleteSecurityContext( 
                  ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr
                  );

            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal unsafe static extern int AcceptSecurityContext( 
                      ref  SSPIHandle       credentialHandle, 
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr,
                      [In] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffer, 
                      [In] ContextFlags     inFlags,
                      [In] Endianness       endianness,
                      ref  SSPIHandle       outContextPtr,
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor outputBuffer, 
                      [In, Out] ref ContextFlags attributes,
                      out  long timeStamp 
                      ); 

            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal unsafe static extern int QueryContextAttributesA(
                ref SSPIHandle contextHandle,
                [In] ContextAttribute attribute, 
                [In] void* buffer);
 
            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleA(
                      [In] string principal, 
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage,
                      [In] void* logonID,
                      [In] ref AuthIdentity authdata, 
                      [In] void* keyCallback,
                      [In] void* keyArgument, 
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr, 
                      [Out] out long timeStamp
                      ); 

            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleA(
                      [In] string principal, 
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage, 
                      [In] void* logonID, 
                      [In] IntPtr zero,
                      [In] void* keyCallback, 
                      [In] void* keyArgument,
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr,
                      [Out] out long timeStamp
                      ); 

            /* 
            // Consider removing. 
            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleA( 
                      [In] string principal,
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage,
                      [In] void* logonID, 
                      [In] ref SecureCredential authData,
                      [In] void* keyCallback, 
                      [In] void* keyArgument, 
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr,
                      [Out] out long timeStamp 
                      );
            */

            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal unsafe static extern int InitializeSecurityContextA( 
                      ref  SSPIHandle       credentialHandle, 
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr,
                      [In] byte*            targetName, 
                      [In] ContextFlags     inFlags,
                      [In] int              reservedI,
                      [In] Endianness       endianness,
                      [In] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffer, 
                      [In] int              reservedII,
                      ref  SSPIHandle       outContextPtr, 
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor outputBuffer, 
                      [In, Out] ref ContextFlags attributes,
                      out  long timeStamp 
                      );

            [DllImport(SECUR32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern int EnumerateSecurityPackagesA( 
                [Out] out int pkgnum,
                [Out] out SafeFreeContextBuffer_SECUR32 handle); 
        } 

        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()] 
        internal static class SafeNetHandles_SECURITY {

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern int FreeContextBuffer(
                [In] IntPtr contextBuffer); 
 

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern int FreeCredentialsHandle(
                  ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr
                  ); 

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern int DeleteSecurityContext(
                  ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr 
                  );

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int AcceptSecurityContext(
                      ref  SSPIHandle       credentialHandle, 
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr, 
                      [In] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffer,
                      [In] ContextFlags     inFlags, 
                      [In] Endianness       endianness,
                      ref  SSPIHandle       outContextPtr,
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor outputBuffer,
                      [In, Out] ref ContextFlags attributes, 
                      out  long timeStamp
                      ); 
 
            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int QueryContextAttributesW(
                ref SSPIHandle contextHandle,
                [In] ContextAttribute attribute,
                [In] void* buffer); 

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern int EnumerateSecurityPackagesW( 
                [Out] out int pkgnum,
                [Out] out SafeFreeContextBuffer_SECURITY handle); 

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleW(
                      [In] string principal, 
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage, 
                      [In] void* logonID, 
                      [In] ref AuthIdentity authdata,
                      [In] void* keyCallback, 
                      [In] void* keyArgument,
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr,
                      [Out] out long timeStamp
                      ); 

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleW( 
                      [In] string principal,
                      [In] string moduleName, 
                      [In] int usage,
                      [In] void* logonID,
                      [In] IntPtr zero,
                      [In] void* keyCallback, 
                      [In] void* keyArgument,
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr, 
                      [Out] out long timeStamp 
                      );
 
            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe  static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleW(
                      [In] string principal,
                      [In] string moduleName, 
                      [In] int usage,
                      [In] void* logonID, 
                      [In] ref SecureCredential authData, 
                      [In] void* keyCallback,
                      [In] void* keyArgument, 
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr,
                      [Out] out long timeStamp
                      );
 
            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int InitializeSecurityContextW( 
                      ref  SSPIHandle       credentialHandle,
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr, 
                      [In] byte*            targetName,
                      [In] ContextFlags     inFlags,
                      [In] int              reservedI,
                      [In] Endianness       endianness, 
                      [In] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffer,
                      [In] int              reservedII, 
                      ref  SSPIHandle       outContextPtr, 
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor outputBuffer,
                      [In, Out] ref ContextFlags attributes, 
                      out  long timeStamp
                      );

            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal unsafe static extern int CompleteAuthToken( 
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr, 
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffers
                      ); 

        }

        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()] 
        internal static class SafeNetHandles_SCHANNEL {
 
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern int FreeContextBuffer( 
                [In] IntPtr contextBuffer);


            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal unsafe static extern int QueryContextAttributesA( 
                ref SSPIHandle contextHandle, 
                [In] ContextAttribute attribute,
                [In] void* buffer); 

            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern int EnumerateSecurityPackagesA(
                [Out] out int pkgnum, 
                [Out] out SafeFreeContextBuffer_SCHANNEL handle);
 
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal unsafe static extern int InitializeSecurityContextA( 
                      ref  SSPIHandle       credentialHandle,
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr,
                      [In] byte*            targetName,
                      [In] ContextFlags     inFlags, 
                      [In] int              reservedI,
                      [In] Endianness       endianness, 
                      [In] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffer, 
                      [In] int              reservedII,
                      ref  SSPIHandle       outContextPtr, 
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor outputBuffer,
                      [In, Out] ref ContextFlags attributes,
                      out  long timeStamp
                      ); 

            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int AcceptSecurityContext(
                      ref  SSPIHandle       credentialHandle, 
                      [In] void*            inContextPtr,
                      [In] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputBuffer,
                      [In] ContextFlags     inFlags,
                      [In] Endianness       endianness, 
                      ref  SSPIHandle       outContextPtr,
                      [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor outputBuffer, 
                      [In, Out] ref ContextFlags attributes, 
                      out  long timeStamp
                      ); 

            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern int DeleteSecurityContext( 
                  ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr
                  ); 
 

            /* 
            // Consider removing.
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleA(
                      [In] string principal, 
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage, 
                      [In] void* logonID, 
                      [In] ref AuthIdentity authdata,
                      [In] void* keyCallback, 
                      [In] void* keyArgument,
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr,
                      [Out] out long timeStamp
                      ); 
            */
 
            /* 
            // Consider removing.
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleA(
                      [In] string principal,
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage, 
                      [In] void* logonID,
                      [In] IntPtr zero, 
                      [In] void* keyCallback, 
                      [In] void* keyArgument,
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr, 
                      [Out] out long timeStamp
                      );
            */
 
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int AcquireCredentialsHandleA( 
                      [In] string principal, 
                      [In] string moduleName,
                      [In] int usage, 
                      [In] void* logonID,
                      [In] ref SecureCredential authData,
                      [In] void* keyCallback,
                      [In] void* keyArgument, 
                      ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr,
                      [Out] out long timeStamp 
                      ); 

            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern int FreeCredentialsHandle(
                  ref  SSPIHandle handlePtr
                  ); 

        } 
 
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL
 
        // Because the regular SafeNetHandles has a LocalAlloc with a different return type.
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static class SafeNetHandlesSafeOverlappedFree {
            [DllImport(ExternDll.Kernel32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SafeOverlappedFree LocalAlloc(int uFlags, UIntPtr sizetdwBytes);
        } 
 
#if !FEATURE_PAL
        // Because the regular SafeNetHandles tries to bind this MustRun method on type initialization, failing 
        // on legacy platforms.
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static class SafeNetHandlesXPOrLater {
            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling = true, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping = false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar = true, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern int getaddrinfo(
                [In] string nodename, 
                [In] string servicename, 
                [In] ref AddressInfo hints,
                [Out] out SafeFreeAddrInfo handle 
                );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern void freeaddrinfo([In] IntPtr info );
        } 
#endif 

        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()] 
        internal static class SafeNetHandles {

    #if !FEATURE_PAL
            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern int QuerySecurityContextToken(ref SSPIHandle phContext, [Out] out SafeCloseHandle handle);
 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern unsafe uint HttpCreateHttpHandle(out SafeCloseHandle pReqQueueHandle, uint options);
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern unsafe uint HttpCreateRequestQueue(HttpApi.HTTPAPI_VERSION version, string pName,
                Microsoft.Win32.NativeMethods.SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES pSecurityAttributes, uint flags, out HttpRequestQueueV2Handle pReqQueueHandle); 

            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern unsafe uint HttpCloseRequestQueue(IntPtr pReqQueueHandle); 

    #endif 

            [DllImport(ExternDll.Kernel32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr handle); 

            [DllImport(ExternDll.Kernel32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SafeLocalFree LocalAlloc(int uFlags, UIntPtr sizetdwBytes); 

            [DllImport(ExternDll.Kernel32, EntryPoint = "LocalAlloc", SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern SafeLocalFreeChannelBinding LocalAllocChannelBinding(int uFlags, UIntPtr sizetdwBytes);

            [DllImport(ExternDll.Kernel32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern IntPtr LocalFree(IntPtr handle);
 
#if !FEATURE_PAL 
            [DllImport(KERNEL32, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern unsafe SafeLoadLibrary LoadLibraryExA([In] string lpwLibFileName, [In] void* hFile, [In] uint dwFlags); 

            [DllImport(KERNEL32, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern unsafe SafeLoadLibrary LoadLibraryExW([In] string lpwLibFileName, [In] void* hFile, [In] uint dwFlags);
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 

 
            [DllImport(KERNEL32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern unsafe bool FreeLibrary([In] IntPtr hModule); 

#if !FEATURE_PAL

            /* 
            // Consider removing.
            [DllImport(CRYPT32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern  bool CertGetCertificateChain( 
                [In] IntPtr                 chainEngine,
                [In] SafeFreeCertContext    certContext, 
                [In] IntPtr                 time,
                [In] SafeCloseStore         additionalStore,
                [In] ref ChainParameters    certCP,
                [In] int                    flags, 
                [In] IntPtr                 reserved,
                [Out] out SafeFreeCertChain  chainContext); 
            */ 

            [DllImport(CRYPT32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern void CertFreeCertificateChain(
                [In] IntPtr pChainContext);
 
            [DllImport(CRYPT32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern bool CertFreeCertificateContext(      // Suppressing returned status check, it's always==TRUE, 
                [In] IntPtr certContext);
 
            /*
            // Consider removing.
            [DllImport(CRYPT32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern bool CertCloseStore(
                [In] IntPtr hCertStore, 
                [In] int dwFlags); 
            */
 
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL

            [DllImport(ExternDll.Kernel32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern IntPtr GlobalFree(IntPtr handle);
 
            // Blocking call - requires IntPtr instead of SafeCloseSocket. 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SafeCloseSocket.InnerSafeCloseSocket accept( 
                                                  [In] IntPtr socketHandle,
                                                  [Out] byte[] socketAddress,
                                                  [In, Out] ref int socketAddressSize
                                                  ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern SocketError closesocket(
                                                  [In] IntPtr socketHandle 
                                                  );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern SocketError ioctlsocket(
                                                [In] IntPtr handle, 
                                                [In] int cmd, 
                                                [In, Out] ref int argp
                                                ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAEventSelect( 
                                                     [In] IntPtr handle,
                                                     [In] IntPtr Event, 
                                                     [In] AsyncEventBits NetworkEvents 
                                                     );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt(
                                               [In] IntPtr handle, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [In] ref Linger linger, 
                                               [In] int optionLength
                                               ); 

            /* Consider removing
            [DllImport(WS2_32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] 
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt(
                                               [In] IntPtr handle, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName,
                                               [In] ref int optionValue, 
                                               [In] int optionLength
                                               );
            */
 
#if !FEATURE_PAL
            [DllImport(WININET, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            unsafe internal static extern bool RetrieveUrlCacheEntryFileW(
                                            [In]      char*     urlName, 
                                            [In]      byte*     entryPtr,               //was [Out]
                                            [In, Out] ref int   entryBufSize,
                                            [In]      int       dwReserved              //must be 0
                                            ); 

            [DllImport(WININET, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)] 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            unsafe internal static extern bool UnlockUrlCacheEntryFileW(
                                            [In]    char*       urlName, 
                                            [In]    int         dwReserved                  //must be 0
                                            );
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL
        } 

        // 
        // UnsafeNclNativeMethods.OSSOCK class contains all Unsafe() calls and should all be protected 
        // by the appropriate SocketPermission() to connect/accept to/from remote
        // peers over the network and to perform name resolution. 
        // te following calls deal mainly with:
        // 1) socket calls
        // 2) DNS calls
        // 

        // 
        // here's a brief explanation of all possible decorations we use for PInvoke. 
        // these are used in such a way that we hope to gain maximum performance from the
        // unmanaged/managed/unmanaged transition we need to undergo when calling into winsock: 
        //
        // [In] (Note: this is similar to what msdn will show)
        // the managed data will be marshalled so that the unmanaged function can read it but even
        // if it is changed in unmanaged world, the changes won't be propagated to the managed data 
        //
        // [Out] (Note: this is similar to what msdn will show) 
        // the managed data will not be marshalled so that the unmanaged function will not see the 
        // managed data, if the data changes in unmanaged world, these changes will be propagated by
        // the marshaller to the managed data 
        //
        // objects are marshalled differently if they're:
        //
        // 1) structs 
        // for structs, by default, the whole layout is pushed on the stack as it is.
        // in order to pass a pointer to the managed layout, we need to specify either the ref or out keyword. 
        // 
        //      a) for IN and OUT:
        //      [In, Out] ref Struct ([In, Out] is optional here) 
        //
        //      b) for IN only (the managed data will be marshalled so that the unmanaged
        //      function can read it but even if it changes it the change won't be propagated
        //      to the managed struct) 
        //      [In] ref Struct
        // 
        //      c) for OUT only (the managed data will not be marshalled so that the 
        //      unmanaged function cannot read, the changes done in unmanaged code will be
        //      propagated to the managed struct) 
        //      [Out] out Struct ([Out] is optional here)
        //
        // 2) array or classes
        // for array or classes, by default, a pointer to the managed layout is passed. 
        // we don't need to specify neither the ref nor the out keyword.
        // 
        //      a) for IN and OUT: 
        //      [In, Out] byte[]
        // 
        //      b) for IN only (the managed data will be marshalled so that the unmanaged
        //      function can read it but even if it changes it the change won't be propagated
        //      to the managed struct)
        //      [In] byte[] ([In] is optional here) 
        //
        //      c) for OUT only (the managed data will not be marshalled so that the 
        //      unmanaged function cannot read, the changes done in unmanaged code will be 
        //      propagated to the managed struct)
        //      [Out] byte[] 
        //
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static class OSSOCK {
 
#if FEATURE_PAL
            private const string WS2_32 = ROTOR_PAL; 
#else 
            private const string WS2_32 = "ws2_32.dll";
            private const string mswsock = "mswsock.dll"; 
#endif

            //
            // IPv6 Changes: These are initialized in InitializeSockets - don't set them here or 
            //               there will be an ordering problem with the call above that will
            //               result in both being set to false ! 
            // 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] 
            internal struct WSAPROTOCOLCHAIN {
                internal int ChainLen;                                 /* the length of the chain,     */
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst=7)]
                internal uint[] ChainEntries;       /* a list of dwCatalogEntryIds */ 
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Auto)] 
            internal struct WSAPROTOCOL_INFO {
                internal uint dwServiceFlags1; 
                internal uint dwServiceFlags2;
                internal uint dwServiceFlags3;
                internal uint dwServiceFlags4;
                internal uint dwProviderFlags; 
                Guid ProviderId;
                internal uint dwCatalogEntryId; 
                WSAPROTOCOLCHAIN ProtocolChain; 
                internal int iVersion;
                internal AddressFamily iAddressFamily; 
                internal int iMaxSockAddr;
                internal int iMinSockAddr;
                internal int iSocketType;
                internal int iProtocol; 
                internal int iProtocolMaxOffset;
                internal int iNetworkByteOrder; 
                internal int iSecurityScheme; 
                internal uint dwMessageSize;
                internal uint dwProviderReserved; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=256)]
                internal string szProtocol;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct ControlData { 
                internal UIntPtr length; 
                internal uint level;
                internal uint type; 
                internal uint address;
                internal uint index;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct ControlDataIPv6 { 
                internal UIntPtr length; 
                internal uint level;
                internal uint type; 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray,SizeConst=16)]
                internal byte[] address;
                internal uint index;
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct WSAMsg { 
                internal IntPtr socketAddress;
                internal uint addressLength; 
                internal IntPtr buffers;
                internal uint count;
                internal WSABuffer controlBuffer;
                internal SocketFlags flags; 
            }
 
            // 
            // Flags equivalent to winsock TRANSMIT_PACKETS_ELEMENT flags
            //    #define TP_ELEMENT_MEMORY   1 
            //    #define TP_ELEMENT_FILE     2
            //    #define TP_ELEMENT_EOP      4
            //
            [Flags] 
            internal enum TransmitPacketsElementFlags : uint {
                None = 0x00, 
                Memory = 0x01, 
                File = 0x02,
                EndOfPacket = 0x04 
            }

            // Structure equivalent to TRANSMIT_PACKETS_ELEMENT
            // 
            // typedef struct _TRANSMIT_PACKETS_ELEMENT {
            //     ULONG dwElFlags; 
            //     ULONG cLength; 
            //     union {
            //         struct { 
            //             LARGE_INTEGER nFileOffset;
            //             HANDLE hFile;
            //         };
            //         PVOID pBuffer; 
            //     }
            //  }; 
            // } TRANSMIT_PACKETS_ELEMENT; 
            //
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] 
            internal struct TransmitPacketsElement {
                [System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffset(0)]
                internal TransmitPacketsElementFlags flags;
                [System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffset(4)] 
                internal uint length;
                [System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffset(8)] 
                internal Int64 fileOffset; 
                [System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffset(8)]
                internal IntPtr buffer; 
                [System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffset(16)]
                internal IntPtr fileHandle;
            }
 
            /*
               typedef struct _SOCKET_ADDRESS { 
                   PSOCKADDR lpSockaddr; 
                   INT iSockaddrLength;
               } SOCKET_ADDRESS, *PSOCKET_ADDRESS;			 
            */
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct SOCKET_ADDRESS {
                internal IntPtr lpSockAddr; 
                internal int iSockaddrLength;
            } 
 
            /*
               typedef struct _SOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST { 
                   INT             iAddressCount;
                   SOCKET_ADDRESS  Address[1];
               } SOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST, *PSOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST, FAR *LPSOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST;
            */ 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct SOCKET_ADDRESS_LIST { 
                internal int iAddressCount; 
                internal SOCKET_ADDRESS Addresses;
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct TransmitFileBuffersStruct {
                internal IntPtr preBuffer;// Pointer to Buffer 
                internal int preBufferLength; // Length of Buffer
                internal IntPtr postBuffer;// Pointer to Buffer 
                internal int postBufferLength; // Length of Buffer 
            }
 
            // CharSet=Auto here since WSASocket has A and W versions. We can use Auto cause the method is not used under constrained execution region
            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SafeCloseSocket.InnerSafeCloseSocket WSASocket(
                                                    [In] AddressFamily addressFamily, 
                                                    [In] SocketType socketType,
                                                    [In] ProtocolType protocolType, 
                                                    [In] IntPtr protocolInfo, // will be WSAProtcolInfo protocolInfo once we include QOS APIs 
                                                    [In] uint group,
                                                    [In] SocketConstructorFlags flags 
                                                    );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern SafeCloseSocket.InnerSafeCloseSocket WSASocket( 
                                        [In] AddressFamily addressFamily,
                                        [In] SocketType socketType, 
                                        [In] ProtocolType protocolType, 
                                        [In] byte* pinnedBuffer, // will be WSAProtcolInfo protocolInfo once we include QOS APIs
                                        [In] uint group, 
                                        [In] SocketConstructorFlags flags
                                        );

 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAStartup( 
                                               [In] short wVersionRequested, 
                                               [Out] out WSAData lpWSAData
                                               ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            internal static extern SocketError ioctlsocket( 
                                                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                                [In] int cmd, 
                                                [In, Out] ref int argp 
                                                );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern IntPtr gethostbyname(
                                                  [In] string host
                                                  ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern IntPtr gethostbyaddr( 
                                                  [In] ref int addr,
                                                  [In] int len, 
                                                  [In] ProtocolFamily type
                                                  );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError gethostname(
                                                [Out] StringBuilder hostName, 
                                                [In] int bufferLength 
                                                );
 
            // this should belong to SafeNativeMethods, but it will not for simplicity
            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern int inet_addr(
                                              [In] string cp 
                                              );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError getpeername(
                                                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                                [Out] byte[] socketAddress,
                                                [In, Out] ref int socketAddressSize
                                                );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError getsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [Out] out int optionValue,
                                               [In, Out] ref int optionLength
                                               );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError getsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [Out] byte[] optionValue,
                                               [In, Out] ref int optionLength
                                               );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError getsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [Out] out Linger optionValue,
                                               [In, Out] ref int optionLength
                                               );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError getsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [Out] out IPMulticastRequest optionValue,
                                               [In, Out] ref int optionLength
                                               );
 
            //
            // IPv6 Changes: need to receive and IPv6MulticastRequest from getsockopt 
            // 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError getsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName,
                                               [Out] out IPv6MulticastRequest optionValue, 
                                               [In, Out] ref int optionLength
                                               ); 
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName,
                                               [In] ref int optionValue, 
                                               [In] int optionLength
                                               ); 
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName,
                                               [In] byte[] optionValue, 
                                               [In] int optionLength
                                               ); 
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName,
                                               [In] ref IntPtr pointer, 
                                               [In] int optionLength
                                               ); 
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt(
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [In] ref Linger linger,
                                               [In] int optionLength 
                                               ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt(
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel,
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [In] ref IPMulticastRequest mreq,
                                               [In] int optionLength 
                                               ); 

            // 
            // IPv6 Changes: need to pass an IPv6MulticastRequest to setsockopt
            //
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError setsockopt( 
                                               [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                               [In] SocketOptionLevel optionLevel, 
                                               [In] SocketOptionName optionName, 
                                               [In] ref IPv6MulticastRequest mreq,
                                               [In] int optionLength 
                                               );

#if !FEATURE_PAL
 
            [DllImport(mswsock, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern bool TransmitFile( 
                                      [In] SafeCloseSocket socket, 
                                      [In] SafeHandle fileHandle,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesToWrite, 
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesPerSend,
                                      [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                      [In] TransmitFileBuffers buffers,
                                      [In] TransmitFileOptions flags 
                                      );
 
            [DllImport(mswsock, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern bool TransmitFile(
                                      [In] SafeCloseSocket socket, 
                                      [In] SafeHandle fileHandle,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesToWrite,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesPerSend,
                                      [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                      [In] IntPtr buffers,
                                      [In] TransmitFileOptions flags 
                                      ); 

            [DllImport(mswsock, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern bool TransmitFile(
                                      [In] SafeCloseSocket socket,
                                      [In] IntPtr fileHandle,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesToWrite, 
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesPerSend,
                                      [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                      [In] IntPtr buffers, 
                                      [In] TransmitFileOptions flags
                                      ); 

            [DllImport(mswsock, SetLastError=true, EntryPoint = "TransmitFile")]
            internal static extern bool TransmitFile2(
                                      [In] SafeCloseSocket socket, 
                                      [In] IntPtr fileHandle,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesToWrite, 
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesPerSend, 
                                      [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                      [In] TransmitFileBuffers buffers, 
                                      [In] TransmitFileOptions flags
                                      );

 
            [DllImport(mswsock, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "TransmitFile")]
            internal static extern bool TransmitFile_Blocking( 
                                      [In] IntPtr socket, 
                                      [In] SafeHandle fileHandle,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesToWrite, 
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesPerSend,
                                      [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                      [In] TransmitFileBuffers buffers,
                                      [In] TransmitFileOptions flags 
                                      );
 
            [DllImport(mswsock, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "TransmitFile")] 
            internal static extern bool TransmitFile_Blocking2(
                                      [In] IntPtr socket, 
                                      [In] IntPtr fileHandle,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesToWrite,
                                      [In] int numberOfBytesPerSend,
                                      [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                      [In] TransmitFileBuffers buffers,
                                      [In] TransmitFileOptions flags 
                                      ); 

#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 

            // This method is always blocking, so it uses an IntPtr.
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int send( 
                                         [In] IntPtr      socketHandle,
                                         [In] byte*       pinnedBuffer, 
                                         [In] int         len, 
                                         [In] SocketFlags socketFlags
                                         ); 

            // This method is always blocking, so it uses an IntPtr.
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int recv( 
                                         [In] IntPtr      socketHandle,
                                         [In] byte*       pinnedBuffer, 
                                         [In] int         len, 
                                         [In] SocketFlags socketFlags
                                         ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError listen(
                                           [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                           [In] int backlog
                                           ); 
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError bind( 
                                         [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                         [In] byte[] socketAddress,
                                         [In] int socketAddressSize
                                         ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError shutdown( 
                                             [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                             [In] int how 
                                             );

            // This method is always blocking, so it uses an IntPtr.
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int sendto(
                                           [In] IntPtr      socketHandle, 
                                           [In] byte*       pinnedBuffer, 
                                           [In] int         len,
                                           [In] SocketFlags socketFlags, 
                                           [In] byte[]      socketAddress,
                                           [In] int         socketAddressSize
                                           );
 
            // This method is always blocking, so it uses an IntPtr.
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal unsafe static extern int recvfrom( 
                                             [In] IntPtr        socketHandle,
                                             [In] byte*         pinnedBuffer, 
                                             [In] int           len,
                                             [In] SocketFlags   socketFlags,
                                             [Out] byte[]       socketAddress,
                                             [In, Out] ref int  socketAddressSize 
                                             );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError getsockname(
                                                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                                [Out] byte[] socketAddress,
                                                [In, Out] ref int socketAddressSize
                                                );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern int select( 
                                           [In] int ignoredParameter, 
                                           [In, Out] IntPtr[] readfds,
                                           [In, Out] IntPtr[] writefds, 
                                           [In, Out] IntPtr[] exceptfds,
                                           [In] ref TimeValue timeout
                                           );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern int select( 
                                           [In] int ignoredParameter, 
                                           [In, Out] IntPtr[] readfds,
                                           [In, Out] IntPtr[] writefds, 
                                           [In, Out] IntPtr[] exceptfds,
                                           [In] IntPtr nullTimeout
                                           );
 
            // This function is always potentially blocking so it uses an IntPtr.
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSAConnect( 
                                              [In] IntPtr socketHandle,
                                              [In] byte[] socketAddress, 
                                              [In] int    socketAddressSize,
                                              [In] IntPtr inBuffer,
                                              [In] IntPtr outBuffer,
                                              [In] IntPtr sQOS, 
                                              [In] IntPtr gQOS
                                              ); 
 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSASend(
                                              [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                              [In] ref WSABuffer buffer,
                                              [In] int bufferCount, 
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                              [In] SocketFlags socketFlags, 
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSASend(
                                              [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                              [In] WSABuffer[] buffersArray,
                                              [In] int bufferCount, 
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                              [In] SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSASend(
                                              [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                              [In] IntPtr buffers, 
                                              [In] int bufferCount,
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                              [In] SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              ); 
            /* Consider removing
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WSASend")] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSASend_Blocking( 
                                              [In] IntPtr socketHandle,
                                              [In] ref WSABuffer buffer, 
                                              [In] int bufferCount,
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                              [In] SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              ); 
            */ 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WSASend")] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSASend_Blocking(
                                              [In] IntPtr socketHandle,
                                              [In] WSABuffer[] buffersArray,
                                              [In] int bufferCount, 
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                              [In] SocketFlags socketFlags, 
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSASendTo(
                                                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                                [In] ref WSABuffer buffer,
                                                [In] int bufferCount, 
                                                [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                                [In] SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                                [In] IntPtr socketAddress, 
                                                [In] int socketAddressSize,
                                                [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                                [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                                ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSASendTo( 
                                                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                                [In] WSABuffer[] buffersArray, 
                                                [In] int bufferCount,
                                                [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                                [In] SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                                [In] IntPtr socketAddress, 
                                                [In] int socketAddressSize,
                                                [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                                [In] IntPtr completionRoutine 
                                                );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecv(
                                              [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                              [In, Out] ref WSABuffer buffer, 
                                              [In] int bufferCount,
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                              [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags, 
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine 
                                              );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecv( 
                                              [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                              [In, Out] WSABuffer[] buffers, 
                                              [In] int bufferCount, 
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                              [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags, 
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecv( 
                                              [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                              [In] IntPtr buffers,
                                              [In] int bufferCount, 
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                              [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine 
                                              );
 
            /* Consider removing 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WSARecv")]
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecv_Blocking( 
                                              [In] IntPtr socketHandle,
                                              [In, Out] ref WSABuffer buffer,
                                              [In] int bufferCount,
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                              [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine 
                                              );
            */ 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WSARecv")]
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecv_Blocking(
                                              [In] IntPtr socketHandle, 
                                              [In, Out] WSABuffer[] buffers,
                                              [In] int bufferCount, 
                                              [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                              [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                              [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                              [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                              );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecvFrom(
                                                  [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                                  [In, Out] ref WSABuffer buffer, 
                                                  [In] int bufferCount,
                                                  [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                                  [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                                  [In] IntPtr socketAddressPointer,
                                                  [In] IntPtr socketAddressSizePointer,
                                                  [In] IntPtr overlapped, 
                                                  [In] IntPtr completionRoutine
                                                  ); 
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSARecvFrom( 
                                                  [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                                  [In, Out] WSABuffer[] buffers,
                                                  [In] int bufferCount,
                                                  [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                                  [In, Out] ref SocketFlags socketFlags,
                                                  [In] IntPtr socketAddressPointer, 
                                                  [In] IntPtr socketAddressSizePointer, 
                                                  [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                                  [In] IntPtr completionRoutine 
                                                  );

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAEventSelect( 
                                                     [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                                     [In] SafeHandle Event, 
                                                     [In] AsyncEventBits NetworkEvents 
                                                     );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAEventSelect(
                                         [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                         [In] IntPtr Event, 
                                         [In] AsyncEventBits NetworkEvents
                                         ); 
 

            // Used with SIOGETEXTENSIONFUNCTIONPOINTER - we're assuming that will never block. 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAIoctl(
                                                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                                                [In] int ioControlCode, 
                                                [In,Out] ref Guid guid,
                                                [In] int guidSize, 
                                                [Out] out IntPtr funcPtr, 
                                                [In]  int funcPtrSize,
                                                [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                                [In] IntPtr shouldBeNull,
                                                [In] IntPtr shouldBeNull2
                                                );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WSAIoctl")]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAIoctl_Blocking( 
                                                [In] IntPtr socketHandle, 
                                                [In] int ioControlCode,
                                                [In] byte[] inBuffer, 
                                                [In] int inBufferSize,
                                                [Out] byte[] outBuffer,
                                                [In] int outBufferSize,
                                                [Out] out int bytesTransferred, 
                                                [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                                [In] IntPtr completionRoutine 
                                                ); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError = true, EntryPoint = "WSAIoctl")] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSAIoctl_Blocking_Internal(
                                                [In]  IntPtr socketHandle,
                                                [In]  uint ioControlCode,
                                                [In]  IntPtr inBuffer, 
                                                [In]  int inBufferSize,
                                                [Out] IntPtr outBuffer, 
                                                [In]  int outBufferSize, 
                                                [Out] out int bytesTransferred,
                                                [In]  IntPtr overlapped, 
                                                [In]  IntPtr completionRoutine
                                                );			

            [DllImport(WS2_32,SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError WSAEnumNetworkEvents(
                                                     [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                                     [In] SafeWaitHandle Event, 
                                                     [In, Out] ref NetworkEvents networkEvents
                                                     ); 

#if !FEATURE_PAL
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal unsafe static extern int WSADuplicateSocket( 
                [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                [In] uint targetProcessID, 
                [In] byte* pinnedBuffer 
            );
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern bool WSAGetOverlappedResult(
                                                     [In] SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                                                     [In] IntPtr overlapped,
                                                     [Out] out uint bytesTransferred, 
                                                     [In] bool wait, 
                                                     [Out] out SocketFlags socketFlags
                                                     ); 
#if !FEATURE_PAL
            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAStringToAddress(
                [In] string addressString, 
                [In] AddressFamily addressFamily,
                [In] IntPtr lpProtocolInfo, // always passing in a 0 
                [Out] byte[] socketAddress, 
                [In, Out] ref int socketAddressSize );
 
            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern SocketError WSAAddressToString(
                [In] byte[] socketAddress,
                [In] int socketAddressSize, 
                [In] IntPtr lpProtocolInfo,// always passing in a 0
                [Out]StringBuilder addressString, 
                [In, Out] ref int addressStringLength); 

            [DllImport(WS2_32, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern SocketError getnameinfo(
                [In]         byte[]        sa,
                [In]         int           salen,
                [In,Out]     StringBuilder host, 
                [In]         int           hostlen,
                [In,Out]     StringBuilder serv, 
                [In]         int           servlen, 
                [In]         int           flags);
 
            //if we change this back to auto, we also have to change
            //WSAPROTOCOL_INFO and WSAPROTOCOLCHAIN
            [DllImport(WS2_32, SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Auto, ExactSpelling=false)]
            internal static extern int WSAEnumProtocols( 
                                                        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)]
                                                        [In] int[]     lpiProtocols, 
                                                        [In] SafeLocalFree lpProtocolBuffer, 
                                                        [In][Out] ref uint lpdwBufferLength
                                                       ); 
#if SOCKETTHREADPOOL
            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool BindIoCompletionCallback(
                SafeCloseSocket socketHandle, 
                IOCompletionCallback function,
                Int32 flags 
            ); 

            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] 
            public static extern IntPtr CreateIoCompletionPort(
                SafeCloseSocket socketHandle,
                IntPtr ExistingCompletionPort,
                Int32 CompletionKey, 
                Int32 NumberOfConcurrentThreads
            ); 
 
            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern IntPtr CreateIoCompletionPort( 
                SafeHandle Handle,
                IntPtr ExistingCompletionPort,
                Int32 CompletionKey,
                Int32 NumberOfConcurrentThreads 
            );
            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] 
            public static extern IntPtr CreateIoCompletionPort( 
                IntPtr Handle,
                IntPtr ExistingCompletionPort, 
                Int32 CompletionKey,
                Int32 NumberOfConcurrentThreads
            );
 
            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern unsafe bool GetQueuedCompletionStatus( 
              IntPtr CompletionPort, 
              out UInt32 lpNumberOfBytes,
              out Int32 lpCompletionKey, 
              out NativeOverlapped* lpOverlapped,
              Int32 dwMilliseconds
            );
 
            [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
            public static extern bool PostQueuedCompletionStatus( 
                IntPtr CompletionPort, 
                Int32 dwNumberOfBytesTransferred,
                IntPtr dwCompletionKey, 
                IntPtr dwZero
            );
#endif // SOCKETTHREADPOOL
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 

        }; // class UnsafeNclNativeMethods.OSSOCK 
 
#if !FEATURE_PAL
        // 
        // UnsafeNclNativeMethods.NativePKI class contains methods
        // imported from crypt32.dll.
        // They deal mainly with certificates handling when doing https://
        // 
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static class NativePKI { 
 
            private const string CRYPT32 = "crypt32.dll";
 
            [DllImport(CRYPT32, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern  int CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(
                [In] IntPtr                     policy,
                [In] SafeFreeCertChain          chainContext, 
                [In] ref ChainPolicyParameter   cpp,
                [In, Out] ref ChainPolicyStatus ps); 
 

        }; // class UnsafeNclNativeMethods.NativePKI 

        //
        // We need to import the same interface from 3 different DLLs,
        //  Security.dll, Secur32.dll, and Schannel.Dll. 
        //  Secur32.dll and Schannel.dll are for Win9x.
        //  Security.dll is for NT platforms. 
        // 
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static class NativeNTSSPI { 

            private const string SECURITY = "security.dll";

            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern int EncryptMessage( 
                  ref SSPIHandle contextHandle, 
                  [In] uint qualityOfProtection,
                  [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputOutput, 
                  [In] uint sequenceNumber
                  );

            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] 
            [DllImport(SECURITY, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static unsafe extern int DecryptMessage( 
                  [In] ref SSPIHandle contextHandle, 
                  [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputOutput,
                  [In] uint sequenceNumber, 
                       uint *qualityOfProtection
                  );

        }; // class UnsafeNclNativeMethods.NativeNTSSPI 

        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()] 
        internal static class NativeSSLWin9xSSPI { 

            private const string SCHANNEL = "schannel.dll"; 
            private const string SECUR32  = "secur32.dll";

            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern int SealMessage(
                  ref SSPIHandle contextHandle, 
                  [In] uint qualityOfProtection, 
                  [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputOutput,
                  [In] uint sequenceNumber 
                  );

            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
            [DllImport(SCHANNEL, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern int UnsealMessage(
                  [In] ref SSPIHandle contextHandle, 
                  [In, Out] SecurityBufferDescriptor inputOutput, 
                  [In] IntPtr   qualityOfProtection,     //should be null or change the type to be ref long
                  [In] uint sequenceNumber 
                  );

        } // class UnsafeNclNativeMethods.NativeSSLWin9xSSPI
 

        // WININET.dll - 
        //  this is the main DLL used by Internet Explorer for creating and handling Network 
        //      connections, we need to load it and call it for auto-proxy detection.  Avoid loading this dll!
        // 
        [SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
        internal static class WinInet
        {
            [DllImport(WININET, ExactSpelling=true, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping=false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern bool DetectAutoProxyUrl(
                [Out] StringBuilder autoProxyUrl, 
                [In] int autoProxyUrlLength, 
                [In] int detectFlags
                ); 
        }

        // The replacement for WinInet, WinHttp is preferred where it's available.  We require version 5.1.
        [SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] 
        internal static class WinHttp
        { 
            [DllImport(WINHTTP, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern bool WinHttpDetectAutoProxyConfigUrl(AutoDetectType autoDetectFlags,
                out SafeGlobalFree autoConfigUrl); 

            [DllImport(WINHTTP, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern bool WinHttpGetIEProxyConfigForCurrentUser(
                ref WINHTTP_CURRENT_USER_IE_PROXY_CONFIG proxyConfig); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(WINHTTP, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern SafeInternetHandle WinHttpOpen(string userAgent, AccessType accessType,
                string proxyName, string proxyBypass, int dwFlags); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(WINHTTP, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern bool WinHttpSetTimeouts(SafeInternetHandle session, int resolveTimeout, 
                int connectTimeout, int sendTimeout, int receiveTimeout);
 
            [DllImport(WINHTTP, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern bool WinHttpGetProxyForUrl(SafeInternetHandle session, string url,
                [In] ref WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_OPTIONS autoProxyOptions, out WINHTTP_PROXY_INFO proxyInfo); 

            [DllImport(WINHTTP, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            internal static extern bool WinHttpCloseHandle(IntPtr httpSession); 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)] 
            internal struct WINHTTP_CURRENT_USER_IE_PROXY_CONFIG 
            {
                public bool AutoDetect; 
                public IntPtr AutoConfigUrl;
                public IntPtr Proxy;
                public IntPtr ProxyBypass;
            } 

            [Flags] 
            internal enum AutoProxyFlags 
            {
                AutoDetect = 0x00000001, // WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_AUTO_DETECT 
                AutoProxyConfigUrl = 0x00000002, // WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_CONFIG_URL
                RunInProcess = 0x00010000, // WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_RUN_INPROCESS
                RunOutProcessOnly = 0x00020000 // WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_RUN_OUTPROCESS_ONLY
            } 

            internal enum AccessType 
            { 
                DefaultProxy = 0,
                NoProxy = 1, 
                NamedProxy = 3
            }

            [Flags] 
            internal enum AutoDetectType
            { 
                None = 0x0, 
                Dhcp = 0x1, // WINHTTP_AUTO_DETECT_TYPE_DHCP
                DnsA = 0x2, // WINHTTP_AUTO_DETECT_TYPE_DNS_A 
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
            internal struct WINHTTP_AUTOPROXY_OPTIONS 
            {
                public AutoProxyFlags Flags; 
 
                public AutoDetectType AutoDetectFlags;
 
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
                public string AutoConfigUrl;

                private IntPtr lpvReserved; 

                private int dwReserved; 
 
                public bool AutoLogonIfChallenged;
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
            internal struct WINHTTP_PROXY_INFO
            { 
                public AccessType AccessType;
 
                public IntPtr Proxy; 

                public IntPtr ProxyBypass; 
            }

            internal enum ErrorCodes
            { 
                Success = 0,
 
                OutOfHandles = 12001,                       // ERROR_WINHTTP_OUT_OF_HANDLES 
                Timeout = 12002,                            // ERROR_WINHTTP_TIMEOUT
                InternalError = 12004,                      // ERROR_WINHTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR 
                InvalidUrl = 12005,                         // ERROR_WINHTTP_INVALID_URL
                UnrecognizedScheme = 12006,                 // ERROR_WINHTTP_UNRECOGNIZED_SCHEME
                NameNotResolved = 12007,                    // ERROR_WINHTTP_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
                InvalidOption = 12009,                      // ERROR_WINHTTP_INVALID_OPTION 
                OptionNotSettable = 12011,                  // ERROR_WINHTTP_OPTION_NOT_SETTABLE
                Shutdown = 12012,                           // ERROR_WINHTTP_SHUTDOWN 
 
                LoginFailure = 12015,                       // ERROR_WINHTTP_LOGIN_FAILURE
                OperationCancelled = 12017,                 // ERROR_WINHTTP_OPERATION_CANCELLED 
                IncorrectHandleType = 12018,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_INCORRECT_HANDLE_TYPE
                IncorrectHandleState = 12019,               // ERROR_WINHTTP_INCORRECT_HANDLE_STATE
                CannotConnect = 12029,                      // ERROR_WINHTTP_CANNOT_CONNECT
                ConnectionError = 12030,                    // ERROR_WINHTTP_CONNECTION_ERROR 
                ResendRequest = 12032,                      // ERROR_WINHTTP_RESEND_REQUEST
 
                AuthCertNeeded = 12044,                     // ERROR_WINHTTP_CLIENT_AUTH_CERT_NEEDED 

                CannotCallBeforeOpen = 12100,               // ERROR_WINHTTP_CANNOT_CALL_BEFORE_OPEN 
                CannotCallBeforeSend = 12101,               // ERROR_WINHTTP_CANNOT_CALL_BEFORE_SEND
                CannotCallAfterSend = 12102,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_CANNOT_CALL_AFTER_SEND
                CannotCallAfterOpen = 12103,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_CANNOT_CALL_AFTER_OPEN
 
                HeaderNotFound = 12150,                     // ERROR_WINHTTP_HEADER_NOT_FOUND
                InvalidServerResponse = 12152,              // ERROR_WINHTTP_INVALID_SERVER_RESPONSE 
                InvalidHeader = 12153,                      // ERROR_WINHTTP_INVALID_HEADER 
                InvalidQueryRequest = 12154,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_INVALID_QUERY_REQUEST
                HeaderAlreadyExists = 12155,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_HEADER_ALREADY_EXISTS 
                RedirectFailed = 12156,                     // ERROR_WINHTTP_REDIRECT_FAILED

                AutoProxyServiceError = 12178,              // ERROR_WINHTTP_AUTO_PROXY_SERVICE_ERROR
                BadAutoProxyScript = 12166,                 // ERROR_WINHTTP_BAD_AUTO_PROXY_SCRIPT 
                UnableToDownloadScript = 12167,             // ERROR_WINHTTP_UNABLE_TO_DOWNLOAD_SCRIPT
 
                NotInitialized = 12172,                     // ERROR_WINHTTP_NOT_INITIALIZED 
                SecureFailure = 12175,                      // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_FAILURE
 
                SecureCertDateInvalid = 12037,              // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_CERT_DATE_INVALID
                SecureCertCNInvalid = 12038,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_CERT_CN_INVALID
                SecureInvalidCA = 12045,                    // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_INVALID_CA
                SecureCertRevFailed = 12057,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_CERT_REV_FAILED 
                SecureChannelError = 12157,                 // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_CHANNEL_ERROR
                SecureInvalidCert = 12169,                  // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_INVALID_CERT 
                SecureCertRevoked = 12170,                  // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_CERT_REVOKED 
                SecureCertWrongUsage = 12179,               // ERROR_WINHTTP_SECURE_CERT_WRONG_USAGE
 
                AudodetectionFailed = 12180,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_AUTODETECTION_FAILED
                HeaderCountExceeded = 12181,                // ERROR_WINHTTP_HEADER_COUNT_EXCEEDED
                HeaderSizeOverflow = 12182,                 // ERROR_WINHTTP_HEADER_SIZE_OVERFLOW
                ChunkedEncodingHeaderSizeOverflow = 12183,  // ERROR_WINHTTP_CHUNKED_ENCODING_HEADER_SIZE_OVERFLOW 
                ResponseDrainOverflow = 12184,              // ERROR_WINHTTP_RESPONSE_DRAIN_OVERFLOW
                ClientCertNoPrivateKey = 12185,             // ERROR_WINHTTP_CLIENT_CERT_NO_PRIVATE_KEY 
                ClientCertNoAccessPrivateKey = 12186,       // ERROR_WINHTTP_CLIENT_CERT_NO_ACCESS_PRIVATE_KEY 
            }
        } 


        //
        // Caching (must use WinInet to cache). 
        //
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()] 
        internal static class UnsafeWinInetCache { 
            public  const int    MAX_PATH = 260;
 
            [DllImport(WININET, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern bool CreateUrlCacheEntryW(
                                            [In]  string        urlName,
                                            [In]  int           expectedFileSize, 
                                            [In]  string        fileExtension,
                                            [Out] System.Text.StringBuilder fileName, 
                                            [In]  int           dwReserved 
        );
 
            [DllImport(WININET, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)]
            unsafe internal static extern bool CommitUrlCacheEntryW(
                                            [In] string                 urlName,
                                            [In] string                 localFileName, 
                                            [In] _WinInetCache.FILETIME  expireTime,
                                            [In] _WinInetCache.FILETIME  lastModifiedTime, 
                                            [In] _WinInetCache.EntryType EntryType, 
                                            [In] byte*                  headerInfo,
                                            [In] int                    headerSizeTChars, 
                                            [In] string                 fileExtension,
                                            [In] string                 originalUrl
        );
 
            [DllImport(WININET, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)]
            unsafe internal static extern bool GetUrlCacheEntryInfoW( 
                                            [In]      string    urlName, 
                                            [In]      byte*     entryPtr,                       //was [Out]
                                            [In, Out] ref int   bufferSz 
                                            );

            [DllImport(WININET, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)]
            unsafe internal static extern bool SetUrlCacheEntryInfoW( 
                                            [In] string                 lpszUrlName,
                                            [In] byte*                  EntryPtr, 
                                            [In] _WinInetCache.Entry_FC  fieldControl 
                                            );
 
            [DllImport(WININET, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern bool DeleteUrlCacheEntryW( [In] string urlName);

            [DllImport(WININET, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling=true, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern bool UnlockUrlCacheEntryFileW(
                                            [In] string     urlName, 
                                            [In] int        dwReserved                  //must be 0 
                                            );
 
    /*********
    NOT USED SO FAR
            unsafe private extern static SafeUnlockUrlCacheEntryStream RetrieveUrlCacheEntryStream(
                                            [In]      string    urlName, 
                                            [In]      byte*     entryPtr,               //was [Out]
                                            [In, Out] ref int   entryBufSize, 
                                            [In]      bool      randomRead, 
                                            [In]      int       dwReserved
                                            ); 

            unsafe internal static extern bool ReadUrlCacheEntryStream(
                                            [In]      SafeUnlockUrlCacheEntryStream  urlCacheStream,
                                            [In]      int       offset, 
                                            [In]      byte*     bufferPtr,
                                            [In, Out] ref int   bufferSz, 
                                            [In]      int       dwReserved                      //must be 0 
                                            );
 
            internal static extern bool UnlockUrlCacheEntryStream(
                                    [In] IntPtr         urlCacheStream,
                                    [In] int            dwReserved                      //mustbe 0
                                    ); 

            unsafe internal static extern bool GetUrlCacheEntryInfoEx( 
                                    [In]      string    url, 
                                    [In]      byte*     entryPtr,                       //was [Out]
                                    [In, Out] ref int   entryBufSize, 
                                    [In]      IntPtr    lpszReserved,                   //was[Out] must pass null
                                    [In]      IntPtr    lpdwReserved,                   //was[In, Out] must pass null
                                    [In]      IntPtr    lpReserved,                     //must pass null
                                    [In]      int       dwFlags                         //reserved must be 0 
                                    );
 
            internal static extern IntPtr  FindFirstUrlCacheGroup( 
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupFlag     flags,
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupSrchType searchFilter, 
                                    [In]  IntPtr                     searchConditionPtr, //must be null
                                    [In]  int                        searchConditionSz,  //must be 0
                                    [Out] out WinInet.GroupId        groupId,
                                    [In]  IntPtr                     lpReserved          //was [In,Out] must be IntPtr.Zero 
                                    );
 
            internal static extern bool FindNextUrlCacheGroup( 
                                    [In]  IntPtr                    hFind,
                                    [Out] out _WinInetCache.GroupId  groupId, 
                                    [In]  IntPtr                    lpReserved          //was [In,Out] must be IntPtr.Zero
                                    );

            internal static extern bool GetUrlCacheGroupAttribute( 
                                    [In]   _WinInetCache.GroupId     groupId,
                                    [In]   int                      flags,              //must 0 
                                    [In]   _WinInetCache.GroupAttr   attr, 
                                    [Out] out _WinInetCache.GroupInfo groupInfo,
                                    [In, Out] ref int               groupInfoSize, 
                                    [In]  IntPtr                    lpReserved          //was [In,Out] must be IntPtr.Zero
                                    );

            internal static extern bool SetUrlCacheGroupAttribute( 
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupId      groupId,
                                    [In]  int                       flags,              //must be 0 
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupAttr    attr, 
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupInfo    groupInfo,
                                    [In]  IntPtr                    lpReserved          //was [In,Out] must be IntPtr.Zero 
                                    );

            internal static extern WinInet.GroupId CreateUrlCacheGroup(
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupFlag    flags, 
                                    [In]  IntPtr                    lpReserved          //must be IntPtr.Zero
                                    ); 
 
            internal static extern bool DeleteUrlCacheGroup(
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupId      groupId, 
                                    [In]  _WinInetCache.GroupFlag    flags,
                                    [In]  IntPtr                    lpReserved          //must be IntPtr.Zero
                                    );
 

            internal static extern bool SetUrlCacheEntryGroup( 
                                    [In] string                     urlName, 
                                    [In] _WinInetCache.GroupSetFlag  flags,
                                    [In] _WinInetCache.GroupId       groupId, 
                                    [In] IntPtr                     groupAttributes,    // must pass NULL
                                    [In] int                        groupAttrCount,     // must pass 0
                                    [In] IntPtr                     lpReserved          // must pass NULL
                                    ); 

            unsafe internal static extern IntPtr FindFirstUrlCacheEntryEx( 
                                    [In]      byte*             searchPattern,      //must be null 
                                    [In]      int               dwFlags,            //must be 0
                                    [In]      CacheEntry.EntryType srchFilter, 
                                    [In]      WinInet.GroupId   groupId,
                                    [In]      byte*             entryPtr,           //was [out]
                                    [In, Out] ref int           entryBufSize,
                                    [Out]     void*             lpReserved,         // must pass NULL 
                                    [In]      void*             lpReserved2,        //was [In,Out] must be IntPtr.Zero
                                    [In]      void*             lpReserved3         // must pass NULL 
                                    ); 

            unsafe internal static extern bool FindNextUrlCacheEntryEx( 
                                    [In]     IntPtr             enumHandle,
                                    [In]     byte*              entryPtr,           //was [Out]
                                    [In, Out]ref int            entryBufSize,
                                    [In]     void*              lpReserved,         // [Out] must pass NULL 
                                    [In]     void*              lpReserved2,        // [In] [Out] must pass NULL
                                    [In]     void*              lpReserved3         // must pass NULL 
                                    ); 

            unsafe internal static extern IntPtr FindFirstUrlCacheEntry( 
                                    [In]     string             searchPattern,
                                    [In]     byte*              entryPtr,           //was [Out]
                                    [In, Out]ref int            entryBufSize
                                    ); 

 
            unsafe internal static extern bool FindNextUrlCacheEntry( 
                                    [In]     IntPtr             enumHandle,
                                    [In]     byte*              entryPtr,           //was [Out] 
                                    [In, Out]ref int            entryBufSize
                                    );

            internal static extern bool FindCloseUrlCache( [In] IntPtr enumHandle); 

    /**********/ 
        } 

#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 

#if !FEATURE_PAL
        [System.Security.SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute()]
        internal static unsafe class HttpApi { 

            private const string HTTPAPI = "httpapi.dll"; 
 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpInitialize(HTTPAPI_VERSION version, uint flags, void* pReserved); 

            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpReceiveRequestEntityBody(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong requestId, uint flags, void* pEntityBuffer, uint entityBufferLength, uint* pBytesReturned, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped);
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpReceiveClientCertificate(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong connectionId, uint flags, HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO* pSslClientCertInfo, uint sslClientCertInfoSize, uint* pBytesReceived, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpReceiveClientCertificate(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong connectionId, uint flags, byte* pSslClientCertInfo, uint sslClientCertInfoSize, uint* pBytesReceived, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped);

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpReceiveHttpRequest(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong requestId, uint flags, HTTP_REQUEST* pRequestBuffer, uint requestBufferLength, uint* pBytesReturned, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped); 
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpAddUrl(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, string pFullyQualifiedUrl, void* pReserved);

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpRemoveUrl(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, string pFullyQualifiedUrl);
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpSendHttpResponse(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong requestId, uint flags, HTTP_RESPONSE* pHttpResponse, void* pCachePolicy, uint* pBytesSent, SafeLocalFree pRequestBuffer, uint requestBufferLength, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped, void* pLogData); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpSendResponseEntityBody(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong requestId, uint flags, ushort entityChunkCount, HTTP_DATA_CHUNK* pEntityChunks, uint* pBytesSent, SafeLocalFree pRequestBuffer, uint requestBufferLength, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped, void* pLogData); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling=true, CallingConvention=CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError=true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpWaitForDisconnect(CriticalHandle requestQueueHandle, ulong connectionId, NativeOverlapped* pOverlapped);
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpCreateServerSession(HTTPAPI_VERSION version, ulong* serverSessionId, uint reserved);
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpCreateUrlGroup(ulong serverSessionId, ulong* urlGroupId, uint reserved); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpAddUrlToUrlGroup(ulong urlGroupId, string pFullyQualifiedUrl, ulong context, uint pReserved);

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpSetUrlGroupProperty(ulong urlGroupId, HTTP_SERVER_PROPERTY serverProperty, IntPtr pPropertyInfo, uint propertyInfoLength); 
 
            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")]
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpRemoveUrlFromUrlGroup(ulong urlGroupId, string pFullyQualifiedUrl, uint flags);

            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern uint HttpCloseServerSession(ulong serverSessionId); 

            [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Security", "CA2118:ReviewSuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityUsage", Justification = "Implementation requires unmanaged code usage")] 
            [DllImport(HTTPAPI, ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] 
            internal static extern uint HttpCloseUrlGroup(ulong urlGroupId);
 
            internal enum HTTP_API_VERSION {
                Invalid,
                Version10,
                Version20, 
            }
 
            // see http.w for definitions 
            internal enum HTTP_SERVER_PROPERTY {
                HttpServerAuthenticationProperty, 
                HttpServerLoggingProperty,
                HttpServerQosProperty,
                HttpServerTimeoutsProperty,
                HttpServerQueueLengthProperty, 
                HttpServerStateProperty,
                HttpServer503VerbosityProperty, 
                HttpServerBindingProperty, 
                HttpServerExtendedAuthenticationProperty,
                HttpServerListenEndpointProperty, 
                HttpServerChannelBindProperty,
                HttpServerProtectionLevelProperty,
            }
 
            //
            // Currently only one request info type is supported but the enum is for future extensibility. 
            // 
            internal enum HTTP_REQUEST_INFO_TYPE {
                HttpRequestInfoTypeAuth, 
            }

            internal enum HTTP_RESPONSE_INFO_TYPE {
                HttpResponseInfoTypeMultipleKnownHeaders, 
                HttpResponseInfoTypeAuthenticationProperty,
                HttpResponseInfoTypeQosProperty , 
            } 

            internal enum HTTP_TIMEOUT_TYPE { 
                EntityBody,
                DrainEntityBody,
                RequestQueue,
                IdleConnection, 
                HeaderWait,
                MinSendRate, 
            } 

            internal const int MaxTimeout = 6; 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_VERSION {
                internal ushort MajorVersion; 
                internal ushort MinorVersion;
            } 
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER { 
                internal ushort RawValueLength;
                internal sbyte* pRawValue;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Size=32)]
            internal struct HTTP_DATA_CHUNK { 
                internal HTTP_DATA_CHUNK_TYPE DataChunkType; 
                internal uint p0;
                internal byte* pBuffer; 
                internal uint BufferLength;
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTPAPI_VERSION {
                internal ushort HttpApiMajorVersion; 
                internal ushort HttpApiMinorVersion; 
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_COOKED_URL {
                internal ushort FullUrlLength;
                internal ushort HostLength; 
                internal ushort AbsPathLength;
                internal ushort QueryStringLength; 
                internal ushort* pFullUrl; 
                internal ushort* pHost;
                internal ushort* pAbsPath; 
                internal ushort* pQueryString;
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct SOCKADDR {
                internal ushort sa_family; 
                internal byte sa_data; 
                internal byte sa_data_02;
                internal byte sa_data_03; 
                internal byte sa_data_04;
                internal byte sa_data_05;
                internal byte sa_data_06;
                internal byte sa_data_07; 
                internal byte sa_data_08;
                internal byte sa_data_09; 
                internal byte sa_data_10; 
                internal byte sa_data_11;
                internal byte sa_data_12; 
                internal byte sa_data_13;
                internal byte sa_data_14;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_TRANSPORT_ADDRESS { 
                internal SOCKADDR* pRemoteAddress; 
                internal SOCKADDR* pLocalAddress;
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO {
                internal uint CertFlags; 
                internal uint CertEncodedSize;
                internal byte* pCertEncoded; 
                internal void* Token; 
                internal byte CertDeniedByMapper;
            } 

            internal enum HTTP_SERVICE_BINDING_TYPE : uint {
                HttpServiceBindingTypeNone = 0,
                HttpServiceBindingTypeW, 
                HttpServiceBindingTypeA
            } 
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_SERVICE_BINDING_BASE 
            {
                internal HTTP_SERVICE_BINDING_TYPE Type;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_REQUEST_CHANNEL_BIND_STATUS 
            { 
                internal IntPtr ServiceName;
                internal IntPtr ChannelToken; 
                internal uint ChannelTokenSize;
                internal uint Flags;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER { 
                internal ushort NameLength; 
                internal ushort RawValueLength;
                internal sbyte* pName; 
                internal sbyte* pRawValue;
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTP_SSL_INFO {
                internal ushort ServerCertKeySize; 
                internal ushort ConnectionKeySize; 
                internal uint ServerCertIssuerSize;
                internal uint ServerCertSubjectSize; 
                internal sbyte* pServerCertIssuer;
                internal sbyte* pServerCertSubject;
                internal HTTP_SSL_CLIENT_CERT_INFO* pClientCertInfo;
                internal uint SslClientCertNegotiated; 
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTP_RESPONSE_HEADERS {
                internal ushort UnknownHeaderCount; 
                internal HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER* pUnknownHeaders;
                internal ushort TrailerCount;
                internal HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER* pTrailers;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_02;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_03; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_04; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_05;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_06; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_07;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_08;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_09;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_10; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_11;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_12; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_13; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_14;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_15; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_16;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_17;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_18;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_19; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_20;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_21; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_22; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_23;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_24; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_25;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_26;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_27;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_28; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_29;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_30; 
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS {
                internal ushort UnknownHeaderCount;
                internal HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER* pUnknownHeaders;
                internal ushort TrailerCount; 
                internal HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER* pTrailers;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_02; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_03;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_04; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_05;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_06;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_07;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_08; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_09;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_10; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_11; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_12;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_13; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_14;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_15;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_16;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_17; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_18;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_19; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_20; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_21;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_22; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_23;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_24;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_25;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_26; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_27;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_28; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_29; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_30;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_31; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_32;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_33;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_34;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_35; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_36;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_37; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_38; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_39;
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_40; 
                internal HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER KnownHeaders_41;
            }

            internal enum HTTP_VERB : int { 
                HttpVerbUnparsed = 0,
                HttpVerbUnknown = 1, 
                HttpVerbInvalid = 2, 
                HttpVerbOPTIONS = 3,
                HttpVerbGET = 4, 
                HttpVerbHEAD = 5,
                HttpVerbPOST = 6,
                HttpVerbPUT = 7,
                HttpVerbDELETE = 8, 
                HttpVerbTRACE = 9,
                HttpVerbCONNECT = 10, 
                HttpVerbTRACK = 11, 
                HttpVerbMOVE = 12,
                HttpVerbCOPY = 13, 
                HttpVerbPROPFIND = 14,
                HttpVerbPROPPATCH = 15,
                HttpVerbMKCOL = 16,
                HttpVerbLOCK = 17, 
                HttpVerbUNLOCK = 18,
                HttpVerbSEARCH = 19, 
                HttpVerbMaximum = 20, 
            }
 
            internal static readonly string[] HttpVerbs = new string[] {
                null,
                "Unknown",
                "Invalid", 
                "OPTIONS",
                "GET", 
                "HEAD", 
                "POST",
                "PUT", 
                "DELETE",
                "TRACE",
                "CONNECT",
                "TRACK", 
                "MOVE",
                "COPY", 
                "PROPFIND", 
                "PROPPATCH",
                "MKCOL", 
                "LOCK",
                "UNLOCK",
                "SEARCH",
            }; 

            internal enum HTTP_DATA_CHUNK_TYPE : int { 
                HttpDataChunkFromMemory = 0, 
                HttpDataChunkFromFileHandle = 1,
                HttpDataChunkFromFragmentCache = 2, 
                HttpDataChunkMaximum = 3,
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTP_RESPONSE_INFO {
                internal HTTP_RESPONSE_INFO_TYPE Type; 
                internal uint Length; 
                internal void* pInfo;
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_RESPONSE {
                internal uint Flags; 
                internal HTTP_VERSION Version;
                internal ushort StatusCode; 
                internal ushort ReasonLength; 
                internal sbyte* pReason;
                internal HTTP_RESPONSE_HEADERS Headers; 
                internal ushort EntityChunkCount;
                internal HTTP_DATA_CHUNK* pEntityChunks;
                internal ushort ResponseInfoCount;
                internal HTTP_RESPONSE_INFO* pResponseInfo; 
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTP_REQUEST_INFO {
                internal HTTP_REQUEST_INFO_TYPE InfoType; 
                internal uint InfoLength;
                internal void* pInfo;
            }
 
            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_REQUEST { 
                internal uint Flags; 
                internal ulong ConnectionId;
                internal ulong RequestId; 
                internal ulong UrlContext;
                internal HTTP_VERSION Version;
                internal HTTP_VERB Verb;
                internal ushort UnknownVerbLength; 
                internal ushort RawUrlLength;
                internal sbyte* pUnknownVerb; 
                internal sbyte* pRawUrl; 
                internal HTTP_COOKED_URL CookedUrl;
                internal HTTP_TRANSPORT_ADDRESS Address; 
                internal HTTP_REQUEST_HEADERS Headers;
                internal ulong BytesReceived;
                internal ushort EntityChunkCount;
                internal HTTP_DATA_CHUNK* pEntityChunks; 
                internal ulong RawConnectionId;
                internal HTTP_SSL_INFO* pSslInfo; 
                internal ushort RequestInfoCount; 
                internal HTTP_REQUEST_INFO* pRequestInfo;
            } 

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct HTTP_TIMEOUT_LIMIT_INFO {
                internal HTTP_FLAGS Flags; 
                internal ushort EntityBody;
                internal ushort DrainEntityBody; 
                internal ushort RequestQueue; 
                internal ushort IdleConnection;
                internal ushort HeaderWait; 
                internal uint MinSendRate;
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 
            internal struct HTTP_BINDING_INFO {
                internal HTTP_FLAGS Flags; 
                internal IntPtr RequestQueueHandle; 
            }
 
            // see http.w for definitions
            [Flags]
            internal enum HTTP_FLAGS : uint {
                NONE                                = 0x00000000, 
                HTTP_RECEIVE_REQUEST_FLAG_COPY_BODY = 0x00000001,
                HTTP_RECEIVE_SECURE_CHANNEL_TOKEN   = 0x00000001, 
                HTTP_SEND_RESPONSE_FLAG_DISCONNECT  = 0x00000001, 
                HTTP_SEND_RESPONSE_FLAG_MORE_DATA   = 0x00000002,
                HTTP_SEND_RESPONSE_FLAG_RAW_HEADER  = 0x00000004, 
                HTTP_SEND_REQUEST_FLAG_MORE_DATA    = 0x00000001,
                HTTP_PROPERTY_FLAG_PRESENT          = 0x00000001,
                HTTP_INITIALIZE_SERVER              = 0x00000001,
                HTTP_INITIALIZE_CBT                 = 0x00000004, 
            }
 
            const int HttpHeaderRequestMaximum  = (int)HttpRequestHeader.UserAgent + 1; 
            const int HttpHeaderResponseMaximum = (int)HttpResponseHeader.WwwAuthenticate + 1;
 
            internal static class HTTP_REQUEST_HEADER_ID {
                internal static string ToString(int position) {
                    return m_Strings[position];
                } 

                private static string[] m_Strings = { 
                    "Cache-Control", 
                    "Connection",
                    "Date", 
                    "Keep-Alive",
                    "Pragma",
                    "Trailer",
                    "Transfer-Encoding", 
                    "Upgrade",
                    "Via", 
                    "Warning", 

                    "Allow", 
                    "Content-Length",
                    "Content-Type",
                    "Content-Encoding",
                    "Content-Language", 
                    "Content-Location",
                    "Content-MD5", 
                    "Content-Range", 
                    "Expires",
                    "Last-Modified", 

                    "Accept",
                    "Accept-Charset",
                    "Accept-Encoding", 
                    "Accept-Language",
                    "Authorization", 
                    "Cookie", 
                    "Expect",
                    "From", 
                    "Host",
                    "If-Match",

                    "If-Modified-Since", 
                    "If-None-Match",
                    "If-Range", 
                    "If-Unmodified-Since", 
                    "Max-Forwards",
                    "Proxy-Authorization", 
                    "Referer",
                    "Range",
                    "Te",
                    "Translate", 
                    "User-Agent",
                }; 
            } 

            internal static class HTTP_RESPONSE_HEADER_ID { 
                private static Hashtable m_Hashtable;

                static HTTP_RESPONSE_HEADER_ID() {
                    m_Hashtable = new Hashtable((int)Enum.HttpHeaderResponseMaximum); 
                    for (int i = 0; i < (int)Enum.HttpHeaderResponseMaximum; i++) {
                        m_Hashtable.Add(m_Strings[i], i); 
                    } 
                }
 
                internal static int IndexOfKnownHeader(string HeaderName) {
                    object index = m_Hashtable[HeaderName];
                    return index==null ? -1 : (int)index;
    } 

                internal static string ToString(int position) { 
                    return m_Strings[position]; 
}
 
                internal enum Enum {
                    HttpHeaderCacheControl          = 0,    // general-header [section 4.5]
                    HttpHeaderConnection            = 1,    // general-header [section 4.5]
                    HttpHeaderDate                  = 2,    // general-header [section 4.5] 
                    HttpHeaderKeepAlive             = 3,    // general-header [not in rfc]
                    HttpHeaderPragma                = 4,    // general-header [section 4.5] 
                    HttpHeaderTrailer               = 5,    // general-header [section 4.5] 
                    HttpHeaderTransferEncoding      = 6,    // general-header [section 4.5]
                    HttpHeaderUpgrade               = 7,    // general-header [section 4.5] 
                    HttpHeaderVia                   = 8,    // general-header [section 4.5]
                    HttpHeaderWarning               = 9,    // general-header [section 4.5]

                    HttpHeaderAllow                 = 10,   // entity-header  [section 7.1] 
                    HttpHeaderContentLength         = 11,   // entity-header  [section 7.1]
                    HttpHeaderContentType           = 12,   // entity-header  [section 7.1] 
                    HttpHeaderContentEncoding       = 13,   // entity-header  [section 7.1] 
                    HttpHeaderContentLanguage       = 14,   // entity-header  [section 7.1]
                    HttpHeaderContentLocation       = 15,   // entity-header  [section 7.1] 
                    HttpHeaderContentMd5            = 16,   // entity-header  [section 7.1]
                    HttpHeaderContentRange          = 17,   // entity-header  [section 7.1]
                    HttpHeaderExpires               = 18,   // entity-header  [section 7.1]
                    HttpHeaderLastModified          = 19,   // entity-header  [section 7.1] 

 
                    // Response Headers 

                    HttpHeaderAcceptRanges          = 20,   // response-header [section 6.2] 
                    HttpHeaderAge                   = 21,   // response-header [section 6.2]
                    HttpHeaderEtag                  = 22,   // response-header [section 6.2]
                    HttpHeaderLocation              = 23,   // response-header [section 6.2]
                    HttpHeaderProxyAuthenticate     = 24,   // response-header [section 6.2] 
                    HttpHeaderRetryAfter            = 25,   // response-header [section 6.2]
                    HttpHeaderServer                = 26,   // response-header [section 6.2] 
                    HttpHeaderSetCookie             = 27,   // response-header [not in rfc] 
                    HttpHeaderVary                  = 28,   // response-header [section 6.2]
                    HttpHeaderWwwAuthenticate       = 29,   // response-header [section 6.2] 

                    HttpHeaderResponseMaximum       = 30,

 
                    HttpHeaderMaximum               = 41
                } 
 
                private static string[] m_Strings = {
                    "Cache-Control", 
                    "Connection",
                    "Date",
                    "Keep-Alive",
                    "Pragma", 
                    "Trailer",
                    "Transfer-Encoding", 
                    "Upgrade", 
                    "Via",
                    "Warning", 

                    "Allow",
                    "Content-Length",
                    "Content-Type", 
                    "Content-Encoding",
                    "Content-Language", 
                    "Content-Location", 
                    "Content-MD5",
                    "Content-Range", 
                    "Expires",
                    "Last-Modified",

                    "Accept-Ranges", 
                    "Age",
                    "ETag", 
                    "Location", 
                    "Proxy-Authenticate",
                    "Retry-After", 
                    "Server",
                    "Set-Cookie",
                    "Vary",
                    "WWW-Authenticate", 
                };
            } 
 
            private static HTTPAPI_VERSION version;
            private static bool extendedProtectionSupported; 

            //
            // This property is used by HttpListener to pass the version structure to the native layer in API
            // calls. 
            //
            internal static HTTPAPI_VERSION Version { 
                get { 
                    return version;
                } 
            }

            //
            // This property is used by HttpListener to get the Api version in use so that it uses appropriate 
            // Http APIs.
            // 
            internal static HTTP_API_VERSION ApiVersion { 
                get {
                    if (version.HttpApiMajorVersion == 2 && version.HttpApiMinorVersion == 0) { 
                        return HTTP_API_VERSION.Version20;
                    }
                    else if (version.HttpApiMajorVersion == 1 && version.HttpApiMinorVersion == 0) {
                        return HTTP_API_VERSION.Version10; 
                    }
                    else { 
                        return HTTP_API_VERSION.Invalid; 
                    }
                } 
            }

            //
            // returns 'true' if http.sys supports CBT: either the system is Win7+, or http.sys was patched. 
            //
            internal static bool ExtendedProtectionSupported { 
                get { 
                    return extendedProtectionSupported;
                } 
            }

            static HttpApi() {
                SafeLoadLibrary module = SafeLoadLibrary.LoadLibraryEx(HTTPAPI); 
                if (module.IsInvalid) {
                    return; 
                } 
                try {
                    // 
                    // Try to initialize V2 first. This will fail on XP and 2k3, so initialize V1.
                    //
                    InitHttpApi(2, 0);
 
                    if (!Supported) {
                        InitHttpApi(1, 0); 
                    } 
                }
                finally { 
                    module.Close();
                }
            }
 
            private static void InitHttpApi(ushort majorVersion, ushort minorVersion) {
                version.HttpApiMajorVersion = majorVersion; 
                version.HttpApiMinorVersion = minorVersion; 

                GlobalLog.Print("HttpApi::.ctor() calling HttpApi.HttpInitialize() for Version " + majorVersion + "." + minorVersion); 

                // For pre-Win7 OS versions, we need to check whether http.sys contains the CBT patch.
                // We do so by passing HTTP_INITIALIZE_CBT flag to HttpInitialize. If the flag is not
                // supported, http.sys is not patched. Note that http.sys will return invalid parameter 
                // also on Win7, even though it shipped with CBT support. Therefore we must not pass
                // the flag on Win7 and later. 
                uint statusCode = ErrorCodes.ERROR_SUCCESS; 
                extendedProtectionSupported = true;
 
                if (ComNetOS.IsWin7) {
                    // on Win7 and later, we don't pass the CBT flag. CBT is always supported.
                    statusCode = HttpApi.HttpInitialize(version, (uint)HTTP_FLAGS.HTTP_INITIALIZE_SERVER, null);
                } 
                else {
                    statusCode = HttpApi.HttpInitialize(version, 
                        (uint)(HTTP_FLAGS.HTTP_INITIALIZE_SERVER | HTTP_FLAGS.HTTP_INITIALIZE_CBT), null); 

                    // if the status code is INVALID_PARAMETER, http.sys does not support CBT. 
                    if (statusCode == ErrorCodes.ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
                        if (Logging.On) Logging.PrintWarning(Logging.HttpListener, SR.GetString(SR.net_listener_cbt_not_supported));

                        // try again without CBT flag: HttpListener can still be used, but doesn't support EP 
                        extendedProtectionSupported = false;
                        statusCode = HttpApi.HttpInitialize(version, (uint)HTTP_FLAGS.HTTP_INITIALIZE_SERVER, null); 
                    } 
                }
 
                supported = statusCode == ErrorCodes.ERROR_SUCCESS;

                GlobalLog.Print("HttpApi::.ctor() call to HttpApi.HttpInitialize() returned:" + statusCode + " supported:" + supported);
            } 

            static bool supported; 
            internal static bool Supported { 
                get {
                    return supported; 
                }
            }

            // Server API 

            internal static WebHeaderCollection GetHeaders(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress) 
            { 
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetHeaders()");
 
                // Return value.
                WebHeaderCollection headerCollection = new WebHeaderCollection(WebHeaderCollectionType.HttpListenerRequest);
                fixed (byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob)
                { 
                    HTTP_REQUEST* request = (HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob;
                    long fixup = pMemoryBlob - (byte*) originalAddress; 
                    int index; 

                    // unknown headers 
                    if (request->Headers.UnknownHeaderCount != 0)
                    {
                        HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER* pUnknownHeader = (HTTP_UNKNOWN_HEADER*) (fixup + (byte*) request->Headers.pUnknownHeaders);
                        for (index = 0; index < request->Headers.UnknownHeaderCount; index++) 
                        {
                            // For unknown headers, when header value is empty, RawValueLength will be 0 and 
                            // pRawValue will be null. 
                            if (pUnknownHeader->pName != null && pUnknownHeader->NameLength > 0)
                            { 
                                string headerName = new string(pUnknownHeader->pName + fixup, 0, pUnknownHeader->NameLength);
                                string headerValue;
                                if (pUnknownHeader->pRawValue != null && pUnknownHeader->RawValueLength > 0) {
                                    headerValue = new string(pUnknownHeader->pRawValue + fixup, 0, pUnknownHeader->RawValueLength); 
                                }
                                else { 
                                    headerValue = string.Empty; 
                                }
                                headerCollection.AddInternal(headerName, headerValue); 
                            }
                            pUnknownHeader++;
                        }
                    } 

                    // known headers 
                    HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER* pKnownHeader = &request->Headers.KnownHeaders; 
                    for (index = 0; index < HttpHeaderRequestMaximum; index++)
                    { 
                        // For known headers, when header value is empty, RawValueLength will be 0 and
                        // pRawValue will point to empty string ("\0")
                        if (pKnownHeader->pRawValue != null)
                        { 
                            string headerValue = new string(pKnownHeader->pRawValue + fixup, 0, pKnownHeader->RawValueLength);
                            headerCollection.AddInternal(HTTP_REQUEST_HEADER_ID.ToString(index), headerValue); 
                        } 
                        pKnownHeader++;
                    } 
                }

                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetHeaders()");
                return headerCollection; 
            }
 
            private static string GetKnownHeader(HTTP_REQUEST* request, long fixup, int headerIndex) 
            {
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetKnownHeader()"); 
                string header = null;

                HTTP_KNOWN_HEADER* pKnownHeader = (&request->Headers.KnownHeaders) + headerIndex;
                GlobalLog.Print("HttpApi::GetKnownHeader() pKnownHeader:0x" + ((IntPtr) pKnownHeader).ToString("x")); 
                GlobalLog.Print("HttpApi::GetKnownHeader() pRawValue:0x" + ((IntPtr) pKnownHeader->pRawValue).ToString("x") + " RawValueLength:" + pKnownHeader->RawValueLength.ToString());
                // For known headers, when header value is empty, RawValueLength will be 0 and 
                // pRawValue will point to empty string ("\0") 
                if (pKnownHeader->pRawValue != null)
                { 
                    header = new string(pKnownHeader->pRawValue + fixup, 0, pKnownHeader->RawValueLength);
                }

                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetKnownHeader() return:" + ValidationHelper.ToString(header)); 
                return header;
            } 
 
            internal static string GetKnownHeader(HTTP_REQUEST* request, int headerIndex)
            { 
                return GetKnownHeader(request, 0, headerIndex);
            }

            internal static string GetKnownHeader(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress, int headerIndex) 
            {
                fixed (byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob) 
                { 
                    return GetKnownHeader((HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob, pMemoryBlob - (byte*) originalAddress, headerIndex);
                } 
            }

            private unsafe static string GetVerb(HTTP_REQUEST* request, long fixup)
            { 
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetVerb()");
                string verb = null; 
 
                if ((int) request->Verb > (int) HTTP_VERB.HttpVerbUnknown && (int) request->Verb < (int) HTTP_VERB.HttpVerbMaximum)
                { 
                    verb = HttpVerbs[(int) request->Verb];
                }
                else if (request->Verb == HTTP_VERB.HttpVerbUnknown && request->pUnknownVerb != null)
                { 
                    verb = new string(request->pUnknownVerb + fixup, 0, request->UnknownVerbLength);
                } 
 
                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetVerb() return:" + ValidationHelper.ToString(verb));
                return verb; 
            }

            internal unsafe static string GetVerb(HTTP_REQUEST* request)
            { 
                return GetVerb(request, 0);
            } 
 
            internal unsafe static string GetVerb(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress)
            { 
                fixed (byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob)
                {
                    return GetVerb((HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob, pMemoryBlob - (byte*) originalAddress);
                } 
            }
 
            internal static HTTP_VERB GetKnownVerb(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress) 
            {
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetKnownVerb()"); 

                // Return value.
                HTTP_VERB verb = HTTP_VERB.HttpVerbUnknown;
                fixed (byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob) 
                {
                    HTTP_REQUEST* request = (HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob; 
                    if ((int)request->Verb > (int)HTTP_VERB.HttpVerbUnparsed && (int)request->Verb < (int)HTTP_VERB.HttpVerbMaximum) 
                    {
                        verb = request->Verb; 
                    }
                }

                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetKnownVerb()"); 
                return verb;
            } 
 
            internal static uint GetChunks(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress, ref int dataChunkIndex, ref uint dataChunkOffset, byte[] buffer, int offset, int size)
            { 
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetChunks() memoryBlob:" + ValidationHelper.ToString(memoryBlob));

                // Return value.
                uint dataRead = 0; 
                fixed(byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob)
                { 
                    HTTP_REQUEST* request = (HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob; 
                    long fixup = pMemoryBlob - (byte*) originalAddress;
 
                    if (request->EntityChunkCount > 0 && dataChunkIndex < request->EntityChunkCount && dataChunkIndex != -1)
                    {
                        HTTP_DATA_CHUNK* pDataChunk = (HTTP_DATA_CHUNK*) (fixup + (byte*) &request->pEntityChunks[dataChunkIndex]);
 
                        fixed(byte* pReadBuffer = buffer)
                        { 
                            byte* pTo = &pReadBuffer[offset]; 

                            while (dataChunkIndex < request->EntityChunkCount && dataRead < size){ 
                                if(dataChunkOffset >= pDataChunk->BufferLength){
                                    dataChunkOffset = 0;
                                    dataChunkIndex ++;
                                    pDataChunk++; 
                                }
                                else{ 
                                    byte* pFrom = pDataChunk->pBuffer + dataChunkOffset + fixup; 

                                    uint bytesToRead =  pDataChunk->BufferLength - (uint)dataChunkOffset; 
                                    if (bytesToRead  > (uint)size){
                                        bytesToRead = (uint)size;
                                    }
                                    for (uint i=0;iEntityChunkCount){ 
                        dataChunkIndex = -1; 
                    }
                } 

                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetChunks()");
                return dataRead;
            } 

            internal static IPEndPoint GetRemoteEndPoint(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress) 
            { 
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetRemoteEndPoint()");
 
                SocketAddress v4address = new SocketAddress(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketAddress.IPv4AddressSize);
                SocketAddress v6address = new SocketAddress(AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, SocketAddress.IPv6AddressSize);

                fixed (byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob) 
                {
                    HTTP_REQUEST* request = (HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob; 
                    IntPtr address = request->Address.pRemoteAddress != null ? (IntPtr) (pMemoryBlob - (byte*) originalAddress + (byte*) request->Address.pRemoteAddress) : IntPtr.Zero; 
                    CopyOutAddress(address, ref v4address, ref v6address);
                } 

                IPEndPoint endpoint = null;
                if (v4address != null)
                { 
                    endpoint = IPEndPoint.Any.Create(v4address) as IPEndPoint;
                } 
                else if (v6address != null) 
                {
                    endpoint = IPEndPoint.IPv6Any.Create(v6address) as IPEndPoint; 
                }

                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetRemoteEndPoint()");
                return endpoint; 
            }
 
            internal static IPEndPoint GetLocalEndPoint(byte[] memoryBlob, IntPtr originalAddress) 
            {
                GlobalLog.Enter("HttpApi::GetLocalEndPoint()"); 

                SocketAddress v4address = new SocketAddress(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketAddress.IPv4AddressSize);
                SocketAddress v6address = new SocketAddress(AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, SocketAddress.IPv6AddressSize);
 
                fixed (byte* pMemoryBlob = memoryBlob)
                { 
                    HTTP_REQUEST* request = (HTTP_REQUEST*) pMemoryBlob; 
                    IntPtr address = request->Address.pLocalAddress != null ? (IntPtr) (pMemoryBlob - (byte*) originalAddress + (byte*) request->Address.pLocalAddress) : IntPtr.Zero;
                    CopyOutAddress(address, ref v4address, ref v6address); 
                }

                IPEndPoint endpoint = null;
                if (v4address != null) 
                {
                    endpoint = IPEndPoint.Any.Create(v4address) as IPEndPoint; 
                } 
                else if (v6address != null)
                { 
                    endpoint = IPEndPoint.IPv6Any.Create(v6address) as IPEndPoint;
                }

                GlobalLog.Leave("HttpApi::GetLocalEndPoint()"); 
                return endpoint;
            } 
 
            [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)]
            private static void CopyOutAddress(IntPtr address, ref SocketAddress v4address, ref SocketAddress v6address) 
            {
                if (address != IntPtr.Zero)
                {
                    ushort addressFamily = *((ushort*) address); 
                    if (addressFamily == (ushort) AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                    { 
                        v6address = null; 
                        fixed (byte* pBuffer = v4address.m_Buffer)
                        { 
                            for (int index = 2; index < SocketAddress.IPv4AddressSize; index++)
                            {
                                pBuffer[index] = ((byte*) address)[index];
                            } 
                        }
                        return; 
                    } 
                    if (addressFamily == (ushort) AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
                    { 
                        v4address = null;
                        fixed (byte* pBuffer = v6address.m_Buffer)
                        {
                            for (int index = 2; index < SocketAddress.IPv6AddressSize; index++) 
                            {
                                pBuffer[index] = ((byte*) address)[index]; 
                            } 
                        }
                        return; 
                    }
                }

                v4address = null; 
                v6address = null;
            } 
        } 

        [SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] 
        internal unsafe static class SecureStringHelper
        {
#if DEBUG
            // this method is only called as part of an assert 
            internal static bool AreEqualValues(SecureString secureString1, SecureString secureString2)
            { 
                IntPtr bstr1 = IntPtr.Zero; 
                IntPtr bstr2 = IntPtr.Zero;
                bool result = false; 

                if (secureString1 == null)
                {
                    if (secureString2 == null) 
                        return true;
                    else 
                        return false; 
                }
                else if (secureString2 == null) 
                {
                    return false;
                }
 
                // strings are non-null at this point
 
                if ((object)secureString1 == (object)secureString2) 
                    return true;  // same objects
 
                if (secureString1.Length != secureString2.Length)
                    return false;

                // strings are same length.  decrypt to unmanaged memory and compare them. 

                try 
                { 
                    bstr1 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(secureString1);
                    bstr2 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(secureString2); 
                    result = true;
                    for (int i = 0; i < secureString1.Length; i++)
                    {
                        if (*((char*)bstr1 + i) != *((char*)bstr2 + i)) 
                        {
                            result = false; 
                            break; 
                        }
                    } 
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (bstr1 != IntPtr.Zero) 
                        Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr1);
                    if (bstr2 != IntPtr.Zero) 
                        Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr2); 
                }
                return result; 
            }
#endif

            internal static string CreateString(SecureString secureString) 
            {
                string plainString; 
                IntPtr bstr = IntPtr.Zero; 

                if (secureString == null || secureString.Length == 0) 
                    return String.Empty;

                try
                { 
                    bstr = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(secureString);
                    plainString = Marshal.PtrToStringBSTR(bstr); 
                } 
                finally
                { 
                    if (bstr != IntPtr.Zero)
                        Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr);
                }
                return plainString; 
            }
 
            internal static SecureString CreateSecureString(string plainString) 
            {
                SecureString secureString; 

                if (plainString == null || plainString.Length == 0)
                    return new SecureString();
 
                fixed (char* pch = plainString)
                { 
                    secureString = new SecureString(pch, plainString.Length); 
                }
 
                return secureString;
            }
        }
#endif // !FEATURE_PAL 
    }
} 

// File provided for Reference Use Only by Microsoft Corporation (c) 2007.


                        

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